arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv周末暂无论文更新,休息一下吧,周末愉快~~
arXiv 2501.08294astro-ph.EP
收藏

垂直CO表面作为原行星盘质量与碳耗竭的探针

Vertical CO surfaces as a probe for protoplanetary disk mass and carbon depletion

T. Paneque-Carreño, A. Miotello, E. F. van Dishoeck, G. Rosotti, B. Tabone

AI总结:

本研究利用DALI代码构建原行星盘模型网格,结合ALMA观测数据,发现CO发射表面位置主要由盘质量和挥发性碳耗竭程度决定,推导的z/r-盘质量关系可用于快速估算原行星盘关键参数。

摘要:

随着已测量CO发射表面的中等倾角原行星盘样本不断增加,一个尚未解答的核心问题是这些垂直剖面如何与其宿主天体的属性相关联。本项目旨在将由$^{12}$CO $2-1$ 跃迁示踪的原行星盘垂直延伸范围与关键的恒星及物理参数建立关联。为了得到可应用于观测分析的结果,我们利用ALMA(阿塔卡马大型毫米/亚毫米波阵列)对19个原行星盘的CO发射观测数据对研究结果进行了基准测试。\n我们使用物理化学代码DALI构建了原行星盘模型网格,分别针对模板T Tauri(金牛T型)星和Herbig(赫比格)星建立模型。模型采用迭代求解器计算流体静力学平衡方程,以确定具有物理依据的密度结构。我们对恒星光度与温度、总盘质量、碳丰度、临界半径等关键恒星与盘参数进行了变化测试,以明确它们对CO发射表面的影响。每个垂直剖面均采用指数截断幂律函数进行拟合,并以代表截断半径80%以内结构的$z/r$值来表征其特征。\n研究发现,CO发射表面的位置主要由盘质量($M_d$)和挥发性碳的耗竭程度决定。T Tauri系统与Herbig系统呈现出不同的垂直剖面,其中T Tauri星周围的原行星盘垂直延伸程度更大。我们推导得到了$z/r$-$M_d$关系,对于每种恒星类型,该关系都与挥发性碳丰度存在简并性。为了使通过特征$z/r$估算的总盘质量与基于尘埃连续谱分析得到的数值相一致,我们的大多数源需要存在10-100倍(相对于星际介质ISM)的挥发性碳耗竭。我们得到的碳耗竭数值与以往文献中的估算结果一致,凸显了该方法在快速计算原行星盘关键参数方面的潜力。

英文摘要:

As the sample of mid-inclination disks with measured CO emission surfaces grows, a fundamental unanswered question is how these vertical profiles connect to their host properties. This project aims to relate the vertical extent of protoplanetary disks as traced by $^{12}$CO $2-1$ to key stellar and physical parameters. In order to produce a result that is applicable towards an observational analysis, we benchmark our results with ALMA observations of CO emission from nineteen disks. We produce a grid of disk models using the physical-chemical code DALI, for a template T Tauri and Herbig star. Our models use an iterative solver to calculate the hydrostatic equilibrium equations and determine a physically-motivated density structure. Key stellar and disk parameters such as stellar luminosity and temperature, total disk mass, carbon abundance and critical radius are varied to determine their effect on the CO emitting surface. Each vertical profile is fitted by an exponentially tapered power-law and characterized by the $z/r$ value that represents the structure inwards of 80% of the tapering radius. The CO emission surface location is primarily determined by the disk mass ($M_d$) and the level of volatile carbon depletion. T Tauri and Herbig systems show different vertical profiles, with disks around T Tauri stars being more vertically extended. We derive a $z/r$-$M_d$ relationship, which for each stellar type has a degeneracy with the volatile carbon abundance. In order to reconcile total disk mass estimates from the characteristic $z/r$ and the values obtained based on dust continuum analysis, a volatile carbon depletion of 10-100 (with respect to the ISM) is needed for the majority of our sources. Our carbon depletion values are in agreement with previous literature estimates, highlighting the potential of this method to rapidly calculate key disk parameters.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑