After more than half a century since the first predictions of the so-called "island of stability of superheavy nuclei", exploring the limits of nuclear stability at highest atomic numbers is still one of the most prominent challenges in low-energy nuclear physics. These exotic nuclear species reveal their character and details of some of their properties through their induced or spontaneous disintegration. The achievements in the field of superheavy nuclei (SHN) research, which involves studying the production and decay of the heaviest nuclear species, have been reported in a number of review papers. In the introduction of this paper, references are provided to review papers, summarizing the many aspects of SHN research in other disciplines, like chemistry, atomic physics, and earlier work on nuclear structure, including in-beam spectroscopy, and superheavy element (SHE) synthesis. This review is an attempt to summarize the experimental progress that has been made in recent years by employing the versatile tool park of Decay Spectroscopy After Separation (DSAS) for the heaviest isotopes from Z=99 (einsteinium) to Z=118 (oganesson). DSAS, with its major instrumentation components heavy-ion accelerator, separator and decay detection, is the only way to access the heaviest nuclei up to oganesson. While in-beam γ-spectroscopy has reached 256Rf in terms of the highest atomic number Z and mass number A, SHE chemistry succeeded to sort flerovium (Z = 114) as the heaviest element into the periodic table. Laser spectroscopy and precise mass measurements are limited basically to the nobelium/fermium region, with high-precision Penning-trap mass-measurements being performed for 256Lr and 257Rf, and with the 257Db mass obtained, using a multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MRToF MS).
Michigan State University（密歇根州立大学）；Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory（劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室）；Lund University（隆德大学）；The Australian National University（澳大利亚国立大学）；Kyoto University（京都大学）；National Centre for Nuclear Research（国家核研究中心）；Tongji University（同济大学）；Warsaw University of Technology（华沙理工大学）；Los Alamos National Laboratory（洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室）；Institute of Science Tokyo（东京科学大学）；University of Tsukuba（筑波大学）；RIKEN Nishina Center（理化学研究所仁科中心）；Vanderbilt University（范德堡大学）
Systematic Study of Survival Probability of Excited Superheavy Nuclei
用统计模型研究了含$100 \leq Z \leq 134$的超重核对中子发射和裂变的稳定性。特别是对这些SHN的1n沟道中抗裂变的生存概率进行了系统的研究。在目前的计算中，中子分离能和壳层修正能始终取自有限程液滴模型的计算结果，该模型预测了SHN在Z=115和N=179附近的稳定岛。事实证明，在最佳激发能下激发SHN的1n通道中计算的存活概率在Z=115和N=179附近最大化的意义上，这种稳定岛对于激发SHN持续存在。这表明1n沟道中的存活几率主要由核壳效应决定。
Future of superheavy element research: Which nuclei could be synthesized within the next few years?
Z $>$ 120的核的熔合截面的低值和非常短的半衰期给新元素的合成带来了障碍。本文讨论了可用于生产超重元素新同位素的各种核反应（稳定核和放射性核的聚变、多核子转移和中子俘获）。位于冷聚变反应和热聚变反应早期产生的同位素之间的未知SH核的间隙可以在$^{48}$ Ca与可用的较轻同位素Pu、Am和Cm的聚变反应中填充。这些核的产生的截面预计是相当大的，相应的实验可以很容易地在现有的设施进行。对于第一次，一个狭窄的途径被发现的稳定岛的中间，由于可能的$β^+$ -衰变的SH同位素，可以形成在普通的聚变反应的稳定核。多核子转移过程中的重（和非常重，U-类）离子的近势垒碰撞被证明是相当现实的反应机制，使我们能够产生新的中子富集的重核位于未开发的上部的核地图。中子俘获反应也可用于产生长寿命富中子SH核。脉冲核反应堆和实验室条件下的核爆炸以及自然界中的超新星爆炸都可能提供强中子通量。所有这些可能性的文件中进行了讨论。
Shell structure and shape transition in odd-$Z$ superheavy nuclei with proton numbers $Z=117, 119$: insights from deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov in continuum
Basic non-linear effects in silicon radiation detector in detection of highly ionizing particles: registration of ultra rare events of superheavy nuclei in the long-term experiments
