杂质对非均匀真空和相互作用涡旋的影响
Effect of Impurity on Inhomogeneous Vacuum and Interacting Vortices
AI总结：
本文研究磁杂质对非均匀阿贝尔希格斯模型的影响，发现真空能量随耦合常数λ变化并与超导体类型分类一致，同时揭示了涡旋-杂质复合体及磁通钉扎机制。
摘要：
我们研究了带有磁杂质的非均匀阿贝尔希格斯模型。对称破缺相的真空构型并非简单的常数希格斯真空，而是满足欧拉-拉格朗日方程的空间坐标的非平凡函数。零绕数的真空具有零磁通量，但其非零磁场依赖于空间坐标。相应的真空能量在弱耦合（λ<1）下为负，在临界BPS耦合（λ=1）下为零，在强耦合（λ>1）下为正，分别对应巨大正杂质能量的过度抵消、精确抵消和不足抵消。这些不同的真空能量与脏常规超导体中第I类和第II类超导性的分类一致。在非均匀性存在的情况下，也得到了非BPS涡旋构型。它们的静止能量在能量上有利于常规第II类超导性中的涡旋-杂质复合体，这与不完全抗磁性一致。高斯型杂质的δ函数极限表明涡旋-晶格复合体的形成，这阐明了非均匀场论背景下的磁通钉扎。
英文摘要：
We study the inhomogeneous abelian Higgs model with a magnetic impurity. The vacuum configuration of the symmetry-broken phase is not simply the constant Higgs vacuum but is a nontrivial function of spatial coordinates, satisfying the Euler-Lagrange equations. The vacuum of zero winding number has zero magnetic flux but its non-zero magnetic field depends on spatial coordinates. The corresponding vacuum energy is negative for weak coupling $(λ< 1)$, zero for critical BPS coupling $(λ= 1)$, and positive for strong coupling $(λ> 1)$ by an over-, exact-, and under-cancellation of the huge positive impurity energy. This distinct vacuum energies are consistent with classification of the type I and I$\!$I superconductivity in dirty conventional superconductors. Non-BPS vortex configurations are also obtained in the presence of inhomogeneity. Their rest energies favor energetically vortex-impurity composite in conventional type I$\!$I superconductivity, consistent with imperfect diamagnetism. The delta function limit of Gaussian type impurity suggests the formation of vortex-lattice composite which elucidates flux-pinning in the context of inhomogeneous field theory.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
