涡旋和磁性杂质
Vortices and magnetic impurities
摘要：
超导体中的金兹伯格-朗道涡旋吸引或排斥取决于耦合常数的值是小于1还是大于1。在临界耦合，它是以前观察到，一个强烈的本地化磁性杂质的行为非常类似于一个漩涡。对于远离临界耦合的轴对称配置来说，这仍然是正确的。特别地，一个适当强度的δ函数杂质通过奇异规范变换与一个无杂质的涡旋位形相关联。然而，涡旋和杂质的相互作用更加微妙，不仅取决于耦合常数和杂质强度，而且还取决于杂质的宽度。此外，相互作用通常取决于距离，并且在短距离处可能是吸引的，而在长距离处可能是排斥的。数值模拟证实了模空间近似结果的一个和两个涡流与杂质的散射。然而，双涡旋在与杂质散射时会分裂，分裂的方向取决于杂质的符号。本文还简要讨论了远离临界耦合的单涡与不同杂质的迎头碰撞。
英文摘要：
Ginzburg-Landau vortices in superconductors attract or repel depending on whether the value of the coupling constant is less than 1 or larger than 1. At critical coupling it was previously observed that a strongly localised magnetic impurity behaves very similarly to a vortex. This remains true for axially symmetric configurations away from critical coupling. In particular, a delta function impurity of a suitable strength is related to a vortex configuration without impurity by singular gauge transformation. However, the interaction of vortices and impurities is more subtle and depends not only on the coupling constant and the impurity strength, but also on how broad the impurity is. Furthermore, the interaction typically depends on the distance and may be attractive at short distances and repulsive at long distances. Numerical simulations confirm moduli space approximation results for the scattering of one and two vortices with an impurity. However, a double vortex will split up when scattering with an impurity, and the direction of the split depends on the sign of the impurity. Head-on collisions of a single vortex with different impurities away from critical coupling is also briefly discussed.
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