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arXiv 2412.02405nucl-thhep-phnucl-ex
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基于非线性因果性的一维膨胀流体初始条件约束

Constraint on initial conditions of one-dimensional expanding fluids from nonlinear causality

Tau Hoshino, Tetsufumi Hirano

AI总结:

本文基于相对论流体动力学方程的非线性因果性,约束了重离子碰撞中一维膨胀粘性流体的初始条件,发现大偏离平衡下违反因果性,并利用RHIC和LHC数据确定了最小初始固有时与最大能量密度,指出初始阶段需采用非平衡描述。

摘要:

本文从相对论流体动力学方程的非线性因果性角度,审视了相对论重离子碰撞中一维膨胀粘性流体的初始条件。传统上认为,相对论重离子碰撞中产生的物质会在某个初始时刻同时开始表现为流体。然而,在两个高能原子核首次碰撞后多快能应用流体图像绝非易事。本文证明,一维膨胀粘性流体在远离局部平衡的大偏离下违反了非线性因果性的必要条件和充分条件。因此,我们量化了逆雷诺数以证明流体动力学描述的有效性。初始条件受到严格约束,以使其在时间演化过程中不违反因果性条件。借助在RHIC和LHC上测量的每快度横向能量,我们获得了由非线性因果性允许的最小初始固有时和最大能量密度。该分析强烈表明,相对论重离子碰撞的初始阶段需要用非平衡描述而非相对论耗散流体动力学框架来描述。

英文摘要:

The initial conditions of one-dimensional expanding viscous fluids in relativistic heavy-ion collisions are scrutinized in terms of nonlinear causality of the relativistic hydrodynamic equations. Conventionally, it is believed that the matter generated in relativistic heavy-ion collisions starts to behave as a fluid all at once at some initial time. However, it is by no means trivial how soon after the first contact of two high-energy nuclei the fluid picture can be applied. It is demonstrated that one-dimensional expanding viscous fluids violate the necessary and the sufficient conditions of nonlinear causality at large departures from local equilibrium. We therefore quantify the inverse Reynolds number to justify the hydrodynamic description to be valid. The initial conditions are strictly constrained not to violate the causality conditions during the time evolution. With the help of the transverse energies per rapidity measured at RHIC and LHC, we obtain the minimum initial proper time and the maximum energy density allowed by nonlinear causality. This analysis strongly suggests that the initial stage of relativistic heavy-ion collisions needs to be described by a non-equilibrium description other than the framework of relativistic dissipative hydrodynamics.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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