重离子碰撞真实模拟中的因果关系破坏
Causality violations in realistic simulations of heavy-ion collisions
摘要：
在最先进的重离子流体动力学模拟的早期阶段，因果关系被违反。在最初的时间里，这种违反存在于高达75%的流体细胞中，并且只有在2-3 fm/ $c$的进化之后，我们才发现50%的流体细胞肯定是因果关系。在某些流体细胞中，超光速传播达到光速的15%。包括预平衡进化显着减少了非因果细胞的数量。我们的研究结果表明，相对论因果关系可能会限制重离子碰撞模拟的可用参数空间时，考虑到更彻底的统计分析。
英文摘要：
Causality is violated in the early stages of state-of-the-art heavy-ion hydrodynamic simulations. Such violations are present in up to 75% of the fluid cells in the initial time and only after 2-3 fm/$c$ of evolution do we find that 50% of the fluid cells are definitely causal. Superluminal propagation reaches up to 15% the speed of light in some of the fluid cells. The inclusion of pre-equilibrium evolution significantly reduces the number of acausal cells. Our findings suggests that relativistic causality may place constraints on the available parameter space of heavy-ion collision simulations when factored into more thorough statistical analyses.
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