arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2411.10941math.OCcs.ROcs.SYeess.SY
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面向鲁棒无人机轨迹优化的松弛模型参数高效估计

Efficient Estimation of Relaxed Model Parameters for Robust UAV Trajectory Optimization

Department of Mechanical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University(机械工程系卡内基梅隆大学)

Derek Fan, David A. Copp

AI总结:

针对无人机机载算力有限、非线性参数估计成本高且最优控制器易受模型失配影响的问题,提出参数仿射松弛多旋翼模型与LQ-MHPE估计器,将MHPE凸化为二次规划,实现实时自适应MPC,求解速度与轨迹成本均显著优化。

摘要:

在线轨迹优化与最优控制方法是实现可持续无人机(UAV)服务的关键,这类服务包括农业、环境监测和运输等场景,其可用驱动力与能源均有限。然而,最优控制器对模型失配高度敏感,模型失配可能由搭载的设备、待配送的包裹,或是基础结构与推力相关参数的固有变异性导致。为规避这一问题,可将最优控制器与参数估计器搭配使用,以提升其轨迹规划性能并实现自适应控制。但无人机平台的机载处理能力有限,往往导致非线性参数估计的计算成本过高,难以实际应用。为解决这些问题,我们提出了一种松弛的、参数仿射的多旋翼模型,以及一种高效的最优参数估计器。我们通过对非线性动力学进行参数仿射松弛,将标称的滚动时域参数估计(Moving Horizon Parameter Estimation, MHPE)问题凸化为线性二次形式(LQ-MHPE),得到可快速求解的二次规划(QP)问题,为实时自适应模型预测控制(Model Predictive Control, MPC)提供支撑。我们在蒙特卡洛仿真中将该方法与等效非线性估计器进行对比,结果表明,平均求解时间降低了98.2%,轨迹最优性成本降低了23.9%-56.2%。

英文摘要:

Online trajectory optimization and optimal control methods are crucial for enabling sustainable unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) services, such as agriculture, environmental monitoring, and transportation, where available actuation and energy are limited. However, optimal controllers are highly sensitive to model mismatch, which can occur due to loaded equipment, packages to be delivered, or pre-existing variability in fundamental structural and thrust-related parameters. To circumvent this problem, optimal controllers can be paired with parameter estimators to improve their trajectory planning performance and perform adaptive control. However, UAV platforms are limited in terms of onboard processing power, oftentimes making nonlinear parameter estimation too computationally expensive to consider. To address these issues, we propose a relaxed, affine-in-parameters multirotor model along with an efficient optimal parameter estimator. We convexify the nominal Moving Horizon Parameter Estimation (MHPE) problem into a linear-quadratic form (LQ-MHPE) via an affine-in-parameter relaxation on the nonlinear dynamics, resulting in fast quadratic programs (QPs) that facilitate adaptive Model Predictve Control (MPC) in real time. We compare this approach to the equivalent nonlinear estimator in Monte Carlo simulations, demonstrating a decrease in average solve time and trajectory optimality cost by 98.2% and 23.9-56.2%, respectively.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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