FuzzRisk: Online Collision Risk Estimation for Autonomous Vehicles based on Depth-Aware Object Detection via Fuzzy Inference
DENSO AUTOMOTIVE Deutschland GmbH（电装德国汽车有限公司）；Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑工业大学）；Chalmers University of Technology（查尔姆斯理工大学）；University of Gothenburg（哥德堡大学）
Brian Hsuan-Cheng Liao, Yingjie Xu, Chih-Hong Cheng, Hasan Esen, Alois Knoll
备注：
Accepted by ICRA 2025, 7 pages (IEEE double column format), 5 figures, 3 tables
This paper presents a novel monitoring framework that infers the level of collision risk for autonomous vehicles (AVs) based on their object detection performance. The framework takes two sets of predictions from different algorithms and associates their inconsistencies with the collision risk via fuzzy inference. The first set of predictions is obtained by retrieving safety-critical 2.5D objects from a depth map, and the second set comes from the ordinary AV's 3D object detector. We experimentally validate that, based on Intersection-over-Union (IoU) and a depth discrepancy measure, the inconsistencies between the two sets of predictions strongly correlate to the error of the 3D object detector against ground truths. This correlation allows us to construct a fuzzy inference system and map the inconsistency measures to an AV collision risk indicator. In particular, we optimize the fuzzy inference system towards an existing offline metric that matches AV collision rates well. Lastly, we validate our monitor's capability to produce relevant risk estimates with the large-scale nuScenes dataset and demonstrate that it can safeguard an AV in closed-loop simulations.
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Trinity College Dublin（都柏林圣三一学院）；College Green（学院绿地）
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Johannes Kepler University Linz（林茨约翰内斯·开普勒大学）；UAS Technikum Wien（维也纳技术应用科学大学）
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PerceptIn（感知创新公司）；South China University of Technology（华南理工大学）；Northwestern University（西北大学）
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University of Michigan（密歇根大学）；University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute（密歇根大学交通研究所）；Mcity
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PerceptIn Inc.（PerceptIn公司）；South China University of Technology（华南理工大学）
PerceptIn develops and commercializes autonomous vehicles for micromobility around the globe. This paper makes a holistic summary of PerceptIn's development and operating experiences. This paper provides the business tale behind our product, and presents the development of the computing system for our vehicles. We illustrate the design decision made for the computing system, and show the advantage of offloading localization workloads onto an FPGA platform.
University of Toronto（多伦多大学）；Univ. Grenoble Alpes（格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学）；Inria（法国国家信息与自动化研究所）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；Grenoble INP（格勒诺布尔理工学院）
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Safety-critical Autonomous Systems require trustworthy and transparent decision-making process to be deployable in the real world. The advancement of Machine Learning introduces high performance but largely through black-box algorithms. We focus the discussion of explainability specifically with Autonomous Vehicles (AVs). As a safety-critical system, AVs provide the unique opportunity to utilize cutting-edge Machine Learning techniques while requiring transparency in decision making. Interpretability in every action the AV takes becomes crucial in post-hoc analysis where blame assignment might…
University of Pennsylvania（宾夕法尼亚大学）；ETH Zurich（苏黎世联邦理工学院）；California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院）；Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑工业大学）；University of Virginia（弗吉尼亚大学）；Clemson University（克莱姆森大学）
The rising popularity of self-driving cars has led to the emergence of a new research field in the recent years: Autonomous racing. Researchers are developing software and hardware for high performance race vehicles which aim to operate autonomously on the edge of the vehicles limits: High speeds, high accelerations, low reaction times, highly uncertain, dynamic and adversarial environments. This paper represents the first holistic survey that covers the research in the field of autonomous racing. We focus on the field of autonomous racecars only and display the algorithms, methods and approac…
Institute of Computing Technology, CAS（中国科学院计算技术研究所）；University of Delaware（特拉华大学）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）
Infrastructure-Vehicle Cooperative Autonomous Driving (IVCAD) is a new paradigm of autonomous driving, which relies on the cooperation between intelligent roads and autonomous vehicles. This paradigm has been shown to be safer and more efficient compared to the on-vehicle-only autonomous driving paradigm. Our real-world deployment data indicates that the effectiveness of IVCAD is constrained by reliability and performance of commercial communication networks. This paper targets this exact problem, and proposes INTERNEURON, a middleware to achieve high communication reliability between intellig…
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Tsinghua University（清华大学）；Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Co Ltd（安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司）
Autonomous vehicles must be comprehensively evaluated before deployed in cities and highways. However, most existing evaluation approaches for autonomous vehicles are static and lack adaptability, so they are usually inefficient in generating challenging scenarios for tested vehicles. In this paper, we propose an adaptive evaluation framework to efficiently evaluate autonomous vehicles in adversarial environments generated by deep reinforcement learning. Considering the multimodal nature of dangerous scenarios, we use ensemble models to represent different local optimums for diversity. We then…
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An open problem for autonomous driving is how to validate the safety of an autonomous vehicle in simulation. Automated testing procedures can find failures of an autonomous system but these failures may be difficult to interpret due to their high dimensionality and may be so unlikely as to not be important. This work describes an approach for finding interpretable failures of an autonomous system. The failures are described by signal temporal logic expressions that can be understood by a human, and are optimized to produce failures that have high likelihood. Our methodology is demonstrated for…
University of Michigan（密歇根大学）；Ford Motor Company（福特汽车公司）
Merging is, in general, a challenging task for both human drivers and autonomous vehicles, especially in dense traffic, because the merging vehicle typically needs to interact with other vehicles to identify or create a gap and safely merge into. In this paper, we consider the problem of autonomous vehicle control for forced merge scenarios. We propose a novel game-theoretic controller, called the Leader-Follower Game Controller (LFGC), in which the interactions between the autonomous ego vehicle and other vehicles with a priori uncertain driving intentions is modeled as a partially observable…
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technologies (KAIST)（韩国科学技术院）
Recently, numerous studies have investigated cooperative traffic systems using the communication among vehicle-to-everything (V2X). Unfortunately, when multiple autonomous vehicles are deployed while exposed to communication failure, there might be a conflict of ideal conditions between various autonomous vehicles leading to adversarial situation on the roads. In South Korea, virtual and real-world urban autonomous multi-vehicle races were held in March and November of 2021, respectively. During the competition, multiple vehicles were involved simultaneously, which required maneuvers such as o…
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