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arXiv 2411.03372cs.LG
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能源价格建模:四代预测方法的比较评估

Energy Price Modelling: A Comparative Evaluation of four Generations of Forecasting Methods

Bucharest University of Economic Studies(布加勒斯特经济研究大学);Humboldt University of Berlin(柏林洪堡大学);California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院);Institute for Economic Forecasting, Romanian Academy(罗马尼亚科学院经济预测研究所)

Alexandru-Victor Andrei, Georg Velev, Filip-Mihai Toma, Daniel Traian Pele, Stefan Lessmann

AI总结:

本文系统回顾并实证比较了四代能源价格预测方法,涵盖经济计量模型、机器学习、LSTM及Transformer,利用欧盟市场数据评估预测精度,填补了系统对比的空白。

摘要:

能源是现代经济体系的关键驱动力。准确的能源价格预测在支持各级决策中发挥着重要作用,从单个商业组织的运营采购决策到政策制定。大量文献已对能源价格预测进行了研究,探讨了各种方法以提高准确性并为这些关键决策提供信息。鉴于预测技术的不断演变,文献缺乏对这些方法进行系统性对比的全面实证比较。本文深入回顾了预测建模框架的演变,从成熟的经济计量模型到机器学习方法、早期序列学习器(如LSTM),以及近期基于Transformer网络的深度学习进展,后者代表了预测领域的前沿。我们对相关文献进行了详细回顾,并将预测方法归类为四个模型家族。我们还探讨了预训练和迁移学习等新兴概念,这些概念已改变了非结构化数据的分析,并为时间序列预测带来了巨大前景。我们通过使用欧盟能源市场的数据对这四类模型进行全面的实证分析,填补了文献中的空白;我们开展了一项大规模实证研究,对比了不同方法的预测准确性,特别关注时间序列Transformer的替代方案。

英文摘要:

Energy is a critical driver of modern economic systems. Accurate energy price forecasting plays an important role in supporting decision-making at various levels, from operational purchasing decisions at individual business organizations to policy-making. A significant body of literature has looked into energy price forecasting, investigating a wide range of methods to improve accuracy and inform these critical decisions. Given the evolving landscape of forecasting techniques, the literature lacks a thorough empirical comparison that systematically contrasts these methods. This paper provides an in-depth review of the evolution of forecasting modeling frameworks, from well-established econometric models to machine learning methods, early sequence learners such LSTMs, and more recent advancements in deep learning with transformer networks, which represent the cutting edge in forecasting. We offer a detailed review of the related literature and categorize forecasting methodologies into four model families. We also explore emerging concepts like pre-training and transfer learning, which have transformed the analysis of unstructured data and hold significant promise for time series forecasting. We address a gap in the literature by performing a comprehensive empirical analysis on these four family models, using data from the EU energy markets, we conduct a large-scale empirical study, which contrasts the forecasting accuracy of different approaches, focusing especially on alternative propositions for time series transformers.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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