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arXiv 2411.03334astro-ph.IMastro-ph.COastro-ph.GAcs.AIcs.LG
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利用域适应和不确定性量化对强引力透镜系统进行神经网络预测

Neural Network Prediction of Strong Lensing Systems with Domain Adaptation and Uncertainty Quantification

University of Chicago(芝加哥大学);Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory(费米国家加速器实验室)

Shrihan Agarwal, Aleksandra Ćiprijanović, Brian D. Nord

AI总结:

本文首次将均值-方差估计器与无监督域适应结合用于强引力透镜参数预测,显著提升含噪目标域准确率并改善不确定性校准。

摘要:

对于现代和下一代宇宙巡天产生的复杂数据,对强引力透镜进行建模在计算上代价高昂。深度学习已成为寻找透镜并预测爱因斯坦半径等透镜参数的一种有前景的方法。均值-方差估计器(MVE)是从神经网络预测中获取偶然(数据)不确定性的常用方法。然而,神经网络尚未被证明能够在域外目标数据上成功表现良好——例如,在模拟数据上训练并应用于真实观测数据时。在本工作中,我们首次研究了MVE与无监督域适应(UDA)相结合在强引力透镜数据上的有效性。源域数据是无噪声的,而目标域数据具有模拟现代宇宙学巡天的噪声。我们发现,与没有UDA的MVE模型相比,在MVE中加入UDA可使目标数据上的准确率提高约两倍。纳入UDA还使偶然不确定性预测得到好得多的校准。该方法的进展或可推动MVE模型未来在真实观测数据上的应用。

英文摘要:

Modeling strong gravitational lenses is computationally expensive for the complex data from modern and next-generation cosmic surveys. Deep learning has emerged as a promising approach for finding lenses and predicting lensing parameters, such as the Einstein radius. Mean-variance Estimators (MVEs) are a common approach for obtaining aleatoric (data) uncertainties from a neural network prediction. However, neural networks have not been demonstrated to perform well on out-of-domain target data successfully - e.g., when trained on simulated data and applied to real, observational data. In this work, we perform the first study of the efficacy of MVEs in combination with unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) on strong lensing data. The source domain data is noiseless, and the target domain data has noise mimicking modern cosmology surveys. We find that adding UDA to MVE increases the accuracy on the target data by a factor of about two over an MVE model without UDA. Including UDA also permits much more well-calibrated aleatoric uncertainty predictions. Advancements in this approach may enable future applications of MVE models to real observational data.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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