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arXiv 2510.09666cs.LG

面向气候韧性应急规划的野火预测中的空间不确定性量化

Spatial Uncertainty Quantification in Wildfire Forecasting for Climate-Resilient Emergency Planning

Aditya Chakravarty

AI总结:

针对野火预测缺乏不确定性量化的问题,首次利用多模态地球观测输入系统分析空间不确定性,发现高不确定性集中在火线周边20-60米缓冲区,并确定植被健康与火活动为主要驱动因素,助力气候适应。

摘要:

气候变化正在加剧全球野火风险,使得可靠的预测对适应策略至关重要。尽管机器学习在利用地球观测数据进行野火预测方面展现出潜力,但当前方法缺乏对风险感知决策至关重要的不确定性量化。我们首次使用多模态地球观测输入,对野火蔓延预测中的空间不确定性进行了系统分析。我们证明,预测不确定性表现出连贯的空间结构,集中在火线周边附近。我们提出的新颖距离指标显示,高不确定性区域在预测火线周围形成一致的20-60米缓冲区,可直接应用于应急规划。特征归因确定植被健康状况和火活动为不确定性的主要驱动因素。这项工作实现了更稳健的野火管理系统,支持社区适应气候变化下日益增加的火灾风险。

英文摘要:

Climate change is intensifying wildfire risks globally, making reliable forecasting critical for adaptation strategies. While machine learning shows promise for wildfire prediction from Earth observation data, current approaches lack uncertainty quantification essential for risk-aware decision making. We present the first systematic analysis of spatial uncertainty in wildfire spread forecasting using multimodal Earth observation inputs. We demonstrate that predictive uncertainty exhibits coherent spatial structure concentrated near fire perimeters. Our novel distance metric reveals high-uncertainty regions form consistent 20-60 meter buffer zones around predicted firelines - directly applicable for emergency planning. Feature attribution identifies vegetation health and fire activity as primary uncertainty drivers. This work enables more robust wildfire management systems supporting communities adapting to increasing fire risk under climate change.

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