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arXiv 2411.00544physics.geo-ph
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大小地震:相同的物理机制,不同的边界条件

Earthquakes big and small: same physics, different boundary conditions

Stefan Nielsen

AI总结:

本研究发现地震破裂起始阶段的尖端加速度具有自相似性,初始突破斑块越大破裂加速度和矩率增长越慢,该特征可反映断层尺度并用于震级概率预测,且符合大小地震共有的自相似物理规律。

摘要:

自相似性表明大小地震遵循相同的物理规律,所有变量都随破裂长度$L$呈标度关系。本文研究发现,动态破裂起始阶段(突破阶段)的破裂尖端加速度同样具有自相似性,空间上随$L_c$标度,时间上随$L_c/C_{lim}$标度(其中$L_c$为突破斑块长度,$C_{lim}$为亚声速区域的极限破裂速度)。初始突破斑块$L_c$越大,突破阶段的破裂加速度越慢。由于小型断层无法容纳大的突破斑块,因此较大且较慢的初始突破可能预示着最终地震震级可能较大。初始矩率$\boldsymbol{\dot{M}_o}$也随$L_c$增大而增长更慢,因此它可以反映断层尺度,并如部分地震早期预警研究提出的那样,可用于震级的概率预测。该结果不违反因果律,且与整个震级谱范围内地震共有的基本自相似物理机制完全兼容。

英文摘要:

Self-similarity indicates that large and small earthquakes share the same physics, where all variables scale with rupture length $L$. Here I show that rupture tip acceleration during the start of dynamic rupture (break-out phase) is also self-similar, scaling with $L_c$ in space and $L_c/C_{lim}$ in time (where $L_c$ is the breakout patch length and $C_{lim}$ the limiting rupture velocity in the subsonic regime). Rupture acceleration in the breakout phase is slower for larger initial breakout patches $L_c$. Because small faults cannot host large breakout patches, a large and slower initial breakout may be indicative of a potentially large final earthquake magnitude. Initial moment rate $\dot{M}_o$ also grows slower for larger $L_c$, therefore it may reflect fault dimensions and carry a probabilistic forecast of magnitude as suggested in some Early Warning studies. This result does not violate causality and is fully compatible with the shared fundamental, self-similar physics across all the magnitude spectrum.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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