This paper introduces Gaussian disorder, characterized by two parameters:the expected value and the standard deviation.Studying this type of disorder enhances our understanding of how many-body localization (MBL) transition is influenced by the central value and breadth of disorder.We apply Gaussian disorder to a one-dimensional spin-1/2 chain to reveal its features.Our findings indicate that the crucial parameter driving localization transitions is the standard deviation; as it increases, the system transitions from the ergodic phase to the localized phase, while the expected value has no effect,so the critical factor influencing MBL transition is the breadth of disorder rather than its central value.We then explore Gaussian disorder in two system-environment models (hereafter referred to as the sye-env models, consisting of ladder configuration and staggered configuration),analyzing the mutual influence when they are coupled.We extensively explore the impacts brought about by system disorder,environment disorder,initial state,and the strength of the sys-env interaction.Finally,for theses two different models,we consider the system and environment as a whole,studying how the localization properties of the entire system are influenced by the disorder strength of each chain and the interaction strength between the two chains.In the ladder configuration, we observe a strong dependence on the initial state,which can lead to either the loss or retention of information,whereas no such dependence on the initial state is found in the staggered configuration.We emphasize that when using dynamic indicators to analyze system characteristics, it is essential to consider the influence of different initial states,as this may lead to significant differences under certain structural conditions,and not all initial states can accurately reflect the localization properties of the many-body system.
In the weak disordered regime we provide analytical expressions for the electron localization lengths in quasi-one dimensional (Q1D) disordered quantum wire with hard wall and periodic boundary conditions. They are exact up to order $W^2$ ($W$ being the disorder strength) for an arbitrary number of channels. Detailed numerical analysis of the Anderson localization, based on Kubo's formula for conductivity, show excellent agreement with analytical calculations. We establish relationship between various lengths in Q1D systems.
Disorder plays a crucial role in many systems particularly in solid state physics. However, the disorder in a particular system can usually not be chosen or controlled. We show that the unique control available for ultracold atomic gases may be used for the production and observation of disordered quantum degenerate gases. A detailed analysis of localization effects for two possible realizations of a disordered potential is presented. In a theoretical analysis clear localization effects are observed when a superlattice is used to provide a quasiperiodic disorder. The effects of localization ar…
The propagation of an interacting particle pair in a disordered chain is characterized by a set of localization lengths which we define. The localization lengths are computed by a new decimation algorithm and provide a more comprehensive picture of the two-particle propagation. We find that the interaction delocalizes predominantly the center-of-mass motion of the pair and use our approach to propose a consistent interpretation of the discrepancies between previous numerical results.
The localization lengths of ultrathin disordered Au and Ag nanowires are estimated by calculating the wire conductances as functions of wire lengths. We study Ag and Au monoatomic linear chains, and thicker Ag wires with very small cross sections. For the monoatomic chains we consider two types of disorder: bounded random fluctuations of the interatomic distances, and the presence of random substitutional impurities. The effect of impurity atoms on the nanowire conductance is much stronger. Our results show that electrical transport in ultrathin disordered wires may occur in the strong localiz…
We numerically study the possibility of many-body localization transition in a disordered quantum dimer model on the honeycomb lattice. By using the peculiar constraints of this model and state-of-the-art exact diagonalization and time evolution methods, we probe both eigenstates and dynamical properties and conclude on the existence of a localization transition, on the available time and length scales (system sizes of up to N=108 sites). We critically discuss these results and their implications.
We show that the recently developed self-consistent theory of Anderson localization with a position-dependent diffusion coefficient is in quantitative agreement with the supersymmetry approach up to terms of the order of $1/g_0^2$ (with $g_0$ the dimensionless conductance in the absence of interference effects) and with large-scale {\it ab-initio} simulations of the classical wave transport in disordered waveguides, at least for $g_0 \gtrsim 0.5$. In the latter case, agreement is found even in the presence of absorption. Our numerical results confirm that in open disordered media, the onset of…
We consider a noninteracting disordered system designed to model particle diffusion, relaxation in glasses, and impurity bands of semiconductors. Disorder originates in the random spatial distribution of sites. We find strong numerical evidence that this model displays the same universal behavior as the standard Anderson model. We use finite-size-scaling to find the localization length as a function of energy and density, including localized states away from the delocalization transition. Results at many energies all fit onto the same universal scaling curve.
The localization length for isotopically disordered harmonic one-dimensional chains is calculated for arbitrary impurity concentration and scattering cross section. The localization length depends on the scattering cross section of a single scatterer, which is calculated for a discrete chain having a wavelength dependent pulse propagation speed. For binary isotopically disordered systems composed of many scatterers, the localization length decreases with increasing impurity concentration, reaching a mimimum before diverging toward infinity as the impurity concentration approaches a value of on…
The typical medium dynamical cluster approximation (TMDCA) is reformulated in the language of multiple scattering theory to make possible first principles calculations of the electronic structure of substitutionally disordered alloys including the effect of Anderson localization. The TMDCA allows for a systematic inclusion of non-local multi-site correlations and at same time provides an order parameter, the typical density of states, for the Anderson localization transition. The relation between the dynamical cluster approximation and the multiple scattering theory is analyzed, and is illustr…
In the previous paper [Yamada, Chaos, Solitons $\&$ Fractals, {\bf 109},99(2018)], we investigated localization properties of one-dimensional disordered electronic system with long-range correlation generated by modified Bernoulli (MB) map. In the present paper, we report localization properties of phonon in disordered harmonic chains generated by the MB map. Here we show that Lyapunov exponent becomes positive definite for almost all frequencies $ω$ except $ω=0$, and the $B-$dependence changes to exponential decrease for $B > 2 $, where $B$ is a correlation parameter of the MB map. The distri…
We study effects of disorder on eigenstates of 1D two-component fermions with infinitely strong Hubbard repulsion. We demonstrate that the spin-independent (potential) disorder reduces the problem to the one-particle Anderson localization taking place at arbitrarily weak disorder. In contrast, a random magnetic field can cause reentrant many-body localization-delocalization transitions. Surprisingly weak magnetic field destroys one-particle localization caused by not too strong potential disorder, whereas at much stronger fields the states are many-body localized. We present numerical support …
We investigate, both experimentally and theoretically, possible routes towards Anderson-like localization of Bose-Einstein condensates in disordered potentials. The dependence of this quantum interference effect on the nonlinear interactions and the shape of the disorder potential is investigated. Experiments with an optical lattice and a superimposed disordered potential reveal the lack of Anderson localization. A theoretical analysis shows that this absence is due to the large length scale of the disorder potential as well as its screening by the nonlinear interactions. Further analysis show…
We study transport of interacting electrons in a low-dimensional disordered system at low temperature $T$. In view of localization by disorder, the conductivity $σ(T)$ may only be non-zero due to electron-electron scattering. For weak interactions, the weak-localization regime crosses over with lowering $T$ into a dephasing-induced "power-law hopping". As $T$ is further decreased, the Anderson localization in Fock space crucially affects $σ(T)$, inducing a transition at $T=T_c$, so that $σ(T<T_c)=0$. The critical behavior of $σ(T)$ above $T_c$ is $\lnσ(T)\propto - (T-T_c)^{-1/2}$. The mechanis…
We investigate disordered graphene with strong long-range impurities. Contrary to the common belief that delocalization should persist in such a system against any disorder, as the system is ex-pected to be equivalent to a disordered two-dimensional Dirac Fermionic system, we find that states near the Dirac points are localized for sufficiently strong disorder and the transition between the localized and delocalized states is of Kosterlitz-Thouless type. Our results show that the transition originates from bounding and unbounding of local current vortices.
The Anderson delocalization-localization transition is studied in multilayered systems with randomly placed interlayer bonds of density $p$ and strength $t$. In the absence of diagonal disorder (W=0), following an appropriate perturbation expansion, we estimate the mean free paths in the main directions and verify by scaling of the conductance that the states remain extended for any finite $p$, despite the interlayer disorder. In the presence of additional diagonal disorder ($W > 0$) we obtain an Anderson transition with critical disorder $W_c$ and localization length exponent $ν$ independentl…
Using a cutoff-free formulation of the coherent transport theory, we show that the interference terms at the origin of localization strongly affect the transport anisotropy. In contrast to the common hypothesis, we then find that the anisotropies of incoherent and coherent diffusion are significantly different, in particular at criticality. There, we show that the coherent transport anisotropy is mainly determined by the properties of the disorder-averaged effective scattering medium while the incoherent transport contributions become irrelevant.
We study the transport properties of two electrons in a quasi one-dimensional disordered wire. The electrons are subject to both, a disorder potential and a short range two-body interaction. Using the approach developed by Iida et al. [ Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 200 (1990) 219 ], the supersymmetry technique, and a suitable truncation of Hilbert space, we work out the two-point correlation function in the framework of a non-linear sigma model. We study the loop corrections to arbitrary order. We obtain a remarkably simple and physically transparent expression for the change of the localization length c…
We study localization in two- and three channel quasi-1D systems using multichain tight-binding Anderson models with nearest-neighbour interchain hopping. In the three chain case we discuss both the case of free- and that of periodic boundary conditions between the chains. The finite disordered wires are connected to ideal leads and the localization length is defined from the Landauer conductance in terms of the transmission coefficients matrix. The transmission- and reflection amplitudes in properly defined quantum channels are obtained from S-matrices constructed from transfer matrices in Bl…
We demonstrate that a weak disorder in atomic positions introduces spatially localized optical modes in a dense three-dimensional ensemble of immobile two-level atoms arranged in a diamond lattice and coupled by the electromagnetic field. The frequencies of the localized modes concentrate near band edges of the unperturbed lattice. Finite-size scaling analysis of the percentiles of Thouless conductance reveals two mobility edges and yields an estimation $ν= 0.8$--1.1 for the critical exponent of the localization length. The localized modes disappear when the disorder becomes too strong and the…
Based on the random dimer model, we study correlated disorder in a one dimensional system driven by a strong AC field. As the correlations in a random system may generate extended states and enhance transport in DC fields, we explore the role that AC fields have on these properties. We find that similar to ordered structures, AC fields renormalize the effective hopping constant to a smaller value, and thus help to localize a state. We find that AC fields control then a localization-delocalization transition in a given one dimensional systems with correlated disorder. The competition between ba…
A new type of delocalization induced by coherent harmonic perturbations in one-dimensional Anderson-localized disordered systems is investigated. With only a few $M$ frequencies a normal diffusion is realized, but the transition to localized state always occurs as the perturbation strength is weakened below a critical value. The nature of the transition qualitatively follows the Anderson transition (AT) if the number of degrees of freedom $M+1$ is regarded as the spatial dimension $d$, but the critical dimension is not $d=M+1-2$ of the ordinary AT but $d=3$.
We study numerically the disorder-induced localization-delocalization phase transitions that occur for mass and spring constant disorder in a three-dimensional cubic lattice with harmonic couplings. We show that, while the phase diagrams exhibit regions of stable and unstable waves, the universality of the transitions is the same for mass and spring constant disorder throughout all the phase boundaries. The combined value for the critical exponent of the localization lengths of $ν= 1.550^{+0.020}_{-0.017}$ confirms the agreement with the universality class of the standard electronic Anderson m…
We study the distributions functions for global partial density of states (GPDOS) in quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) disordered wires as a function of disorder parameter from metal to insulator. We consider two different models for disordered Q1D wire: a set of two dimensional $δ$ potentials with an arbitrary signs and strengths placed randomly, and a tight-binding Hamiltonian with several modes and on-site disorder. The Green functions (GF) for two models were calculated analytically and it was shown that the poles of GF can be presented as determinant of the rank $N\times N$, where $N$ is the nu…
This paper extends an earlier analytical scattering matrix treatment of conductance and localization in coupled two- and three Anderson chain systems for weak disorder when evanescent states are present at the Fermi level. Such states exist typically when the interchain coupling exceeds the width of propagating energy bands associated with the various transverse eigenvalues of the coupled tight-binding systems. We calculate reflection- and transmission coefficients in cases where, besides propagating states, one or two evanescent states are available at the Fermi level for elastic scattering o…
The nonlinear behavior of the Hall resistivity at low magnetic fields in single quantum well GaAs/In$_x$Ga$_{1-x}$As/GaAs heterostructures with degenerated electron gas is studied. It has been found that this anomaly is accompanied by the weaker temperature dependence of the conductivity as compared with that predicted by the first-order theory of the quantum corrections to the conductivity. We show that both effects in strongly disordered systems stem from the second order quantum correction caused by the effect of weak localization on the interaction correction and vice versa. This correctio…
Localized states in one-dimensional open disordered systems and their connection to the internal structure of random samples have been studied. It is shown that the localization of energy and anomalously high transmission associated with these states are due to the existence inside the sample of a transparent (for a given resonant frequency) segment with the minimal size of order of the localization length. A mapping of the stochastic scattering problem in hand onto a deterministic quantum problem is developed. It is shown that there is no one-to-one correspondence between the localization and…
The backscattering line shape is analytically predicted for thick disordered medium films where, remarkably, the medium configuration is periodic along the direction perpendicular to the incident light. A blunt triangular peak is found to emerge on the sharp top. The phenomenon roots in the coexistence of quasi-1D localization and 2D extended states.
We investigate the effect of spatially correlated disorder on the Anderson transition of phonons in three dimensions using a Greens function based approach, namely, the typical medium dynamical cluster approximation (TMDCA), in mass-disordered systems. We numerically demonstrate that correlated disorder with pairwise correlations mitigates the localization of the vibrational modes. A correlation driven localization-delocalization transition can emerge in a three-dimensional disordered system with an increase in the strength of correlations.
We present a microscopic derivation of self-consistent equations of Anderson localization in a disordered medium of finite size. The derivation leads to a renormalized, position-dependent diffusion coefficient. The position dependence of the latter is due to the position dependence of return probability in a bounded medium.
In two dimensional disordered lattices, presence of interaction makes particles less localized than the non-interacting ones within the range of disorder strength $W \le 4$ and interaction strength $V \le 4$. If the interaction strength is higher, then particles localize more. Although, a localization- delocalization transition is not found, a transition with changes in the dominant correlations is observed. The nature of correlations between the particles as nearest neighbors become dominant beyond certain disorder strengths.
Localization of electronic states in disordered thin layered systems with b layers is studied within the Anderson model of localization using the transfer-matrix method and finite-size scaling of the inverse of the smallest Lyapunov exponent. The results support the one-parameter scaling hypothesis for disorder strengths W studied and b=1,...,6. The obtained results for the localization length are in good agreement with both the analytical results of the self-consistent theory of localization and the numerical scaling studies of the two-dimensional Anderson model. The localization length near …
The phase diagram of correlated, disordered electrons is calculated within dynamical mean--field theory using the geometrically averaged (''typical'') local density of states. Correlated metal, Mott insulator and Anderson insulator phases, as well as coexistence and crossover regimes are identified. The Mott and Anderson insulators are found to be continuously connected.
We report on a numerical study of quantum transport in disordered two dimensional graphene and graphene nanoribbons. By using the Kubo and the Landauer approaches, transport length scales in the diffusive (mean free path, charge mobilities) and localized regimes (localization lengths) are computed, assuming a short range disorder (Anderson-type). In agreement with localization scaling theory, the electronic systems are found to undergo a conventional Anderson localization in the zero temperature limit. Localization lengths in weakly disordered ribbons are found to differ by two orders of magni…
Interplay of Flat-band and Anderson localizations in disordered moire superlattices
Guangxi University（广西大学）；Anqing Normal University（安庆师范大学）；Nankai University（南开大学）；Nottingham Trent University（诺丁汉特伦特大学）；East China Normal University（华东师范大学）
We propose the weak localization of magnons in a disordered two-dimensional antiferromagnet. We derive the longitudinal thermal conductivity $κ_{xx}$ for magnons of a disordered Heisenberg antiferromagnet in the linear-response theory with the linear-spin-wave approximation. We show that the back scattering of magnons is enhanced critically by the particle-particle-type multiple impurity scattering. This back scattering causes a logarithmic suppression of $κ_{xx}$ with the length scale in two dimensions. We also argue a possible effect of inelastic scattering on the temperature dependence of $…
Anderson localization, the absence of diffusion in disordered media, draws its origins from the destructive interference between multiple scattering paths. The localization properties of disordered systems are expected to be dramatically sensitive to their symmetry characteristics. So far however, this question has been little explored experimentally. Here, we investigate the realization of an artificial gauge field in a synthetic (temporal) dimension of a disordered, periodically-driven (Floquet) quantum system. Tuning the strength of this gauge field allows us to control the time-reversal sy…
Wave localization is ubiquitous in disordered media -- from amorphous materials, where soft-mode localization is closely related to materials failure, to semi-conductors, where Anderson localization leads to metal-insulator transition. Our main understanding, though, is based on discrete models. Here, we provide a continuum perspective on the wave localization in two-phase disordered elastic media by studying the scalar wave equation with heterogeneous modulus and/or density. At low frequencies, soft modes arise as a result of disordered elastic modulus, which can also be predicted by the loca…
We show that, in contrast to immediate intuition, Anderson localization of noninteracting particles induced by a disordered potential in free space can increase (i.e., the localization length can decrease) when the particle energy increases, for appropriately tailored disorder correlations. We predict the effect in one, two, and three dimensions, and propose a simple method to observe it using ultracold atoms placed in optical disorder. The increase of localization with the particle energy can serve to discriminate quantum versus classical localization.
We study the transport properties of interacting electrons in a disordered quantum wire within the framework of the Luttinger liquid model. The conductivity at finite temperature is nonzero only because of inelastic electron-electron scattering. We demonstrate that the notion of weak localization is applicable to the strongly correlated one-dimensional electron system. We calculate the relevant dephasing rate, which for spinless electrons is governed by the interplay of electron-electron interaction and disorder, thus vanishing in the clean limit.
We study the localization properties of disordered semiconductor superlattices driven by ac-fields. The localization length of the electrons in the superlattice increases when the frequency of the driving field is smaller than the miniband width. We show that there is an optimal value of the amplitude of the driving field for which the localization length of the system is maximal. This maximum localization length increases with the inverse of the driving frequency.
We study the unitary relaxation dynamics of disordered spin chains following a sudden quench of the Hamiltonian. We give analytical arguments, corroborated by specific numerical examples, to show that the existence of a stationary state depends crucially on the spectral and localization properties of the final Hamiltonian, and not on the initial state. We test these ideas on integrable one-dimensional models of the Ising or XY class, but argue more generally on their validity for more complex (nonintegrable) models.
We reinvestigate the behavior of the conductivity of several disordered quantum lattice models at infinite temperature using exact diagonalization. Contrary to the conclusion drawn in a recent investigation of similar quantities in identical systems, we find evidence of a localized regime for strong random fields. We estimate the location of the critical field for the many-body localization transition for the random-field XXZ spin chain, and compare our findings with recent investigations in related systems.
We investigate the role of localization effects in the Kondo disorder mechanism for non-Fermi liquid behavior in disordered Kondo lattices. We find that the distribution of Kondo temperatures is strongly affected by fluctuations of the conduction electron density of states, a feature neglected in the previous treatment. For moderate disorder, the self-consistent distribution of Kondo temperatures flows to a universal log-normal form, irrespective of the form of the bare disorder distribution. For sufficient disorder, the system enters a Griffiths phase with diverging thermodynamic responses.
We consider the phenomenon of weak localization of a short wave pulse in a quasi-1D disordered waveguide. We show that the long-time decay of the average transmission coefficient is not purely exponential, in contradiction with predictions of the diffusion theory. The diffusion theory breaks down completely for times exceeding the Heisenberg time. We also study the survival probability of a quantum particle in a disordered waveguide and compare our results with previous calculations using the super-symmetric nonlinear sigma model.
We theoretically investigate light propagation and Anderson localization in one-dimensional disordered superlattices composed of dielectric stacks with graphene sheets in between. Disorder is introduced either on graphene material parameters ({\it e.g.} Fermi energy) or on the widths of the dielectric stacks. We derive an analytic expression for the localization length $ξ$, and compare it to numerical simulations using transfer matrix technique; a very good agreement is found. We demonstrate that the presence of graphene may strongly attenuate the anomalously delocalised Breswter modes, and is…
We investigate the field-induced insulator-to-superfluid transition of bosonic quasiparticles in $S=1/2$ weakly-coupled dimer antiferromagnets. In presence of realistic disorder due to site dilution of the magnetic lattice, we show that the system displays an extended Bose-glass phase characterized by the localization of the hard-core quasiparticles.
Light propagation through 1D disordered structures composed of alternating layers, with random thicknesses, of air and a dispersive metamaterial is theoretically investigated. Both normal and oblique incidences are considered. By means of numerical simulations and an analytical theory, we have established that Anderson localization of light may be suppressed: (i) in the long wavelength limit, for a finite angle of incidence which depends on the parameters of the dispersive metamaterial; (ii) for isolated frequencies and for specific angles of incidence, corresponding to Brewster anomalies in b…
It is shown that the Wegner model of disorder contains a system of constraints which is important whenever the disorder is not weak and which is responsible for localization in D > 2 dimensions. When the disorder is strong the constraints divide the phase space into an exponentially large number of domains; the localized phase is a glass. This work is based on recently developed field theories which are exactly equivalent to the Wegner model and to an easier variant.
We demonstrate the inplane anisotropy of longitudinal thermal conductivities and the weak localization of magnons in a disordered screw-type spiral magnet on a square lattice. We consider a disordered spin system, described by a spin Hamiltonian for the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg interaction and the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction with the mean-field type potential of impurities. We derive longitudinal thermal conductivities for the disordered screw-type spiral magnet in the weak-localization regime by using the linear-response theory with the linear-spin-wave approximation and performing p…
We theoretically study the Anderson localization of a matter wave packet in a one-dimensional disordered potential. We develop an analytical model which includes the initial phase-space density of the matter wave and the spectral broadening induced by the disorder. Our approach predicts a behavior of the localized density profile significantly more complex than a simple exponential decay. These results are confirmed by large-scale and long-time numerical calculations. They shed new light on recent experiments with ultracold atoms and may impact their analysis.
We study numerically the localization properties of eigenstates in a one-dimensional random lattice described by a non-Hermitian disordered Hamiltonian, where both the disorder and the non-Hermiticity are inserted simultaneously in the on-site potential. We calculate the averaged participation number, the Shannon entropy and the structural entropy as a function of other parameters. We show that, in the presence of an imaginary random potential, all eigenstates are localized in the thermodynamic limit and strong anomalous Anderson localization occurs at the band center. In contrast to the usual…
This chapter addresses the question of quantum entanglement in disordered chains, focusing on the von-Neumann and Rényi entropies for three important classes of random systems: Anderson localized, infinite randomness criticality, and many-body localization (MBL). We review previous works, and also present new results for the entanglement entropy of random spin chains at low and high energy.
We generalize the definition of localization length to disordered systems driven by a time-periodic potential using a Floquet-Green function formalism. We study its dependence on the amplitude and frequency of the driving field in a one-dimensional tight-binding model with different amounts of disorder in the lattice. As compared to the autonomous system, the localization length for the driven system can increase or decrease depending on the frequency of the driving. We investigate the dependence of the localization length with the particle's energy and prove that it is always periodic. Its ma…
