编码理论中的对数凹序列
Log-Concave Sequences in Coding Theory
AI总结:
该研究将对数凹序列概念引入编码理论,定义了对数凹线性码,证明了Hamming码、Reed-Muller码等经典码类的对数凹性,并给出了MDS码为对数凹的参数条件,为编码理论研究提供了新方向。
摘要:
我们在编码理论中引入对数凹(log-concave)序列的概念。实数序列$a_0, a_1, \dots, a_n$被称为对数凹的,当且仅当对所有$1 \le i \le n-1$,都满足$a_i^2 \ge a_{i-1}a_{i+1}$。编码理论中一类天然的正数序列是线性码的重量分布,由$A_i$中的非零值构成,其中$A_i$表示重量为$i$的码字数量。我们称一个线性码是对数凹的,若其非零重量分布为对数凹序列。我们的核心贡献是证明:所有长度为$2^r -1$的二元一般Hamming码($r=3$或$r \ge 5$)、长度为$2^r$的二元扩展Hamming码($r \ge 3$),以及二阶Reed-Muller码$R(2, m)$($m \ge 2$)均为对数凹码;而齐次与射影二阶Reed-Muller码要么是对数凹的,要么是1间隙对数凹的。此外,我们证明有限域$\mathbb F_q$上满足$3 \leqslant k \leqslant n/2 +3$的任意MDS $[n, k]$码,当$q \geqslant q_0(n, k)$时是对数凹的,其中$q_0(n, k)$是某个二次多项式的较大根。因此我们预期,编码理论中的对数凹性概念将催生诸多有趣的问题。
英文摘要:
We introduce the notion of logarithmically concave (or log-concave) sequences in Coding Theory. A sequence $a_0, a_1, \dots, a_n$ of real numbers is called log-concave if $a_i^2 \ge a_{i-1}a_{i+1}$ for all $1 \le i \le n-1$. A natural sequence of positive numbers in coding theory is the weight distribution of a linear code consisting of the nonzero values among $A_i$'s where $A_i$ denotes the number of codewords of weight $i$. We call a linear code log-concave if its nonzero weight distribution is log-concave. Our main contribution is to show that all binary general Hamming codes of length $2^r -1$ ($r=3$ or $r \ge 5$), the binary extended Hamming codes of length $2^r ~(r \ge 3)$, and the second order Reed-Muller codes $R(2, m)~ (m \ge 2)$ are all log-concave while the homogeneous and projective second order Reed-Muller codes are either log-concave, or 1-gap log-concave. Furthermore, we show that any MDS $[n, k]$ code over $\mathbb F_q$ satisfying $3 \leqslant k \leqslant n/2 +3$ is log-concave if $q \geqslant q_0(n, k)$ which is the larger root of a quadratic polynomial. Hence, we expect that the concept of log-concavity in coding theory will stimulate many interesting problems.
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