We introduce the Macaulay2 package SCMAlgebras. It provides functions for computing the modules of deficiency and the filter ideals, in order to check whether a module or an ideal is sequentially Cohen-Macaulay. The package also implements routines for studying other Cohen-Macaulay type conditions and unmixedness. After recalling the basic algebraic notions and results, the main features of the package are described through examples.
Let $K$ be a field, $S=K[x_1,\ldots,x_m, y_1,\ldots,y_n]$ be a standard bigraded polynomial ring and $M$ a finitely generated bigraded $S$-module. In this paper we study sequentially Cohen--Macaulayness of $M$ with respect to $Q=(y_1,\ldots,y_n)$. We characterize the sequentially Cohen--Macaulayness of $L\tensor_KN$ with respect to $Q$ as an $S$-module when $L$ and $N$ are non-zero finitely generated graded modules over $K[x_1, \dots, x_m]$ and $K[y_1, \dots, y_n]$, respectively. All hypersurface rings that are sequentially Cohen--Macaulay with respect to $Q$ are classified.
In this paper we discuss the problem of characterizing the Cohen-Macaulay property of certain families of monomial ideals with fixed radical. More precisely, we consider generically complete intersection monomial ideals whose radical corresponds to special classes of simplicial complexes.
We study the Cohen-Macaulay property of triangular graphs $T_n$. We show that $T_2$, $T_3$ and $T_5$ are Cohen-Macaulay graphs, and that $T_4$, $T_6$, $T_8$ and $T_n$ are not Cohen-Macaulay graphs, for $n\geq 10$. Finally, we prove that over fields of characteristic zero $T_7$ and $T_9$ are Cohen-Macaulay.
Let $\mathscr{L}\subset \mathbb{Z}^n$ be a lattice, $I$ its corresponding lattice ideal, and $J$ the toric ideal arising from the saturation of $\mathscr{L}$. We produce infinitely many examples, in every codimension, of pairs $I,J$ where one of these ideals is Cohen--Macaulay but the other is not.
Let $I(G)$ be the edge ideal of a simple graph $G$. In this paper, we will give sufficient and necessary combinatorial conditions of $G$ in which the second symbolic and ordinary power of its edge ideal are Cohen-Macaulay (resp. Buchsbaum, generalized Cohen-Macaulay). As an application of our results, we will classify all bipartite graphs in which the second (symbolic) powers are Cohen-Macaulay (resp. Buchsbaum, generalized Cohen-Macaulay).
Let $H$ be a positive semigroup in $\mathbb{Z}^d$ generated by $A$, and let $K[H]$ be the associated semigroup ring over a field $K$. We investigate heredity of the Cohen-Macaulay property from $K[H]$ to both its $A$-Newton graded ring and to its face rings. We show by example that neither one inherits in general the Cohen-Macaulay property. On the positive side we show that for every $H$ there exist generating sets $A$ for which the Newton graduation preserves Cohen-Macaulayness. This gives an elementary proof for an important vanishing result on $A$-hypergeometric Euler-Koszul homology. As a…
Cohen-Macaulayness of bipartite graphs is investigated by several mathematicians and has been characterized combinatorially. In this note, we give some different combinatorial conditions for a bipartite graph which are equal to Cohen-Macaulayness of the graphs. Conditions in the previous works are depending on an appropriate ordering on vertices of the graph. The conditions presented in this paper are not depending to any ordering. Finally, we present a fast algorithm to check Cohen-Macaulayness of a given bipartite graph.
Our goal is to determine when the trivial extensions of commutative rings by modules are Cohen-Macaulay in the sense of Hamilton and Marley. For this purpose, we provide a generalization of the concept of Cohen-Macaulayness of rings to modules.
Two-dimensional squarefree monomial ideals can be seen as the Stanley-Reisner ideals of graphs. The main results of this paper are combinatorial characterizations for the Cohen-Macaulayness of ordinary and symbolic powers of such an ideal in terms of the associated graph.
Let $R$ be a commutative Noetherian ring. The notion of regular sequences with respect to a Serre class of $R$-modules is introduced and some of their essential properties are given. Then in the local case, we explore a theory of Cohen-Macaulayness with respect to Serre classes.
We prove that for m > 2, the m-th symbolic power of a Stanley-Reisner ideal is Cohen-Macaulay if and only if the simplicial complex is a matroid. Similarly, the m-th ordinary power is Cohen-Macaulay for some m > 2 if and only if the complex is a complete intersection. These results solve several open questions on the Cohen-Macaulayness of ordinary and symbolic powers of Stanley-Reisner ideals. Moreover, they have interesting consequences on the Cohen-Macaulayness of symbolic powers of facet ideals and cover ideals.
We present criteria for the Cohen-Macaulayness of a monomial ideal in terms of its primary decomposition. These criteria allow us to use tools of graph theory and of linear programming to study the Cohen-Macaulayness of monomial ideals which are intersections of prime ideal powers. We can characterize the Cohen-Macaulayness of the second symbolic power or of all symbolic powers of a Stanley-Reisner ideal in terms of the simplicial complex. These characterizations show that the simplicial complex must be very compact if some symbolic power is Cohen-Macaulay. In particular, all symbolic powers a…
In this paper we study the local cohomology of all finitely generated bigraded modules over a standard bigraded polynomial ring which have only one nonvanishing local cohomology with respect to one of the irrelevant bigraded ideals.
Let $\mathfrak{q}$ be an ideal of a Noetherian local ring $(A,\mathfrak{m})$ and $M$ a non-zero finitely generated $A$-module. We present a criterion of Cohen-Macaulayness of the form module $G_M(\mathfrak{q})$ in terms of (non-)vanishing of a variation of local cohomology introduced in \cite{KSch}.
There exist many characterizations of Noetherian Cohen-Macaulay rings in the literature. These characterizations do not remain equivalent if we drop the Noetherian assumption. The aim of this paper is to provide some comparisons between some of these characterizations in non Noetherian case. Toward solving a conjecture posed by Glaz, we give a generalization of the Hochster-Eagon result on Cohen-Macaulayness of invariant rings, in the context of non Noetherian rings.
Let $\k$ be a field and let $A$ be a standard $\mathbb{N}$-graded $\k$-algebra. Using numerical information of some invariants in the primary decomposition of $0$ in $A$, namely the so called dimension filtration, we associate a bivariate polynomial $\BW(A;t,w)$, that we call the Björner--Wachs polynomial, to $A$. It is shown that the Björner--Wachs polynomial is an algebraic counterpart of the combinatorially defined $h$-triangle of finite simplicial complexes introduced by Björner \& Wachs. We provide a characterisation of sequentially Cohen--Macaulay algebras in terms of the effect of the r…
We provide the sufficient conditions for Rees algebras of modules to be Cohen-Macaulay, which has been proven in the case of Rees algebras of ideals by Johnson-Ulrich and Goto-Nakamura-Nishida. As it turns out the generalization from ideals to modules is not just a routine generalization, but requires a great deal of technical development. We use the technique of generic Bourbaki ideals introduced by Simis, Ulrich and Vasconcelos to obtain the Cohen-Macaulayness of Rees Algebras of modules.
An affine oriented matroid is a combinatorial abstraction of an affine hyperplane arrangement. From it, Novik, Postnikov and Sturmfels constructed a squarefree monomial ideal in a polynomial ring, called an oriented matroid ideal, and got beautiful results. Developing their theory, we will show the following. (1) If an oriented matroid ideal is Cohen-Macaulay, then the bounded complex (a regular CW complex associated with it) of the corresponding affine oriented matroid is a contractible homology manifold with boundary. This is closely related to Dong's theorem, which used to be "Zaslavsky's c…
In this paper we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the Cohen-Macaulayness of the tangent cone of a monomial curve in the 4-dimensional affine space. We study particularly the case where $C$ is a Gorenstein non-complete intersection monomial curve.
We call a (simple) graph G codismantlable if either it has no edges or else it has a codominated vertex x, meaning that the closed neighborhood of x contains that of one of its neighbor, such that G-x codismantlable. We prove that if G is well-covered and it lacks induced cycles of length four, five and seven, than the vertex decomposability, codismantlability and Cohen-Macaulayness for G are all equivalent. The rest deals with the computation of Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of codismantlable graphs. Note that our approach complements and unifies many of the earlier results on bipartite, cho…
The classes of sequentially Cohen-Macaulay and sequentially homotopy Cohen-Macaulay complexes and posets are studied. First, some different versions of the definitions are discussed and the homotopy type is determined. Second, it is shown how various constructions, such as join, product and rank-selection preserve these properties. Third, a characterization of sequential Cohen-Macaulayness for posets is given. Finally, in an appendix we outline connections with ring-theory and survey some uses of sequential Cohen-Macaulayness in commutative algebra.
A normal (respectively, graded normal) vector configuration $A$ defines the toric ideal $I_A$ of a normal (respectively, projectively normal) toric variety. These ideals are Cohen-Macaulay, and when $A$ is normal and graded, $I_A$ is generated in degree at most the dimension of $I_A$. Based on this, Sturmfels asked if these properties extend to initial ideals -- when $A$ is normal, is there an initial ideal of $I_A$ that is Cohen-Macaulay, and when $A$ is normal and graded, does $I_A$ have a Gröbner basis generated in degree at most $dim(I_A)$ ? In this paper, we answer both questions positive…
We give an explicit presentation for each lower bound cluster algebra. Using this presentation, we show that each lower bound algebra Grobner degenerates to the Stanley-Reisner scheme of a vertex-decomposable ball or sphere, and is thus Cohen-Macaulay. Finally, we use Stanley-Reisner combinatorics and a result of Knutson-Lam-Speyer to show that all lower bound algebras are normal.
In this paper, we study the Cohen-Macaulayness of non-affine normal semigroups in $\mathbb{Z}^n$. We do this by establishing the following four statements each of independent interest: 1) a Lazard type result on $I$-supported elements of $\prod_{\mathbb{N}}\mathbb{Q}_{\geq0}$ for an index set $I\subset\mathbb{N}$; 2) a criterion of regularity of sequences of elements of the ring via projective dimension; 3) a direct limit of polynomial rings with toric maps; 4) any direct summand of rings of the third item is Cohen-Macaulay. To illustrate the idea, we give many examples.
In this paper we study the finitely generated bigraded modules over a standard bigraded polynomial ring which are relative Cohen-Macaulay or relative unmixed with respect to one of the irrelevant bigraded ideals. A generalization of Reisner's criterion for Cohen-Macaulay simplicial complexes is considered.
Let $(R,\fm)$ be a commutative Noetherian local ring. Suppose that $M$ and $N$ are finitely generated modules over $R$ such that $M$ has finite projective dimension and such that $\Tor^R_i(M,N)=0$ for all $i>0$. The main result of this note gives a condition on $M$ which is necessary and sufficient for the tensor product of $M$ and $N$ to be a Cohen--Macaulay module over $R$, provided $N$ is itself a Cohen--Macaulay module.
We investigate the presence of Cohen-Macaulay ideals in invariant rings and show that an ideal of an invariant ring corresponding to a modular representation of a $p$-group is not Cohen-Macaulay unless the invariant ring itself is. As an intermediate result, we obtain that non-Cohen-Macaulay factorial rings cannot contain Cohen-Macaulay ideals. For modular cyclic groups of prime order, we show that the quotient of the invariant ring modulo the transfer ideal is always Cohen-Macaulay, extending a result of Fleischmann.
Let (R,m) be a local, complete ring, X an artinian R-module of Noetherian dimension d; let x_1,...,x_d\in m be such that 0:_X (x_1,...,x_d)R has finite length. Then H^x_d(X) is a finite R-module, providing a positive answer to a question posed by Tang. As a first application of this result corollory 1 contains a necessary condition for a finite module to be CM; secondly we propose a notion of Cohen-Macaulayfication and prove its uniqueness (th. 3); finally we show that this new notion of Cohen-Macaulayfication is a direct generalization of a notion of Cohen-Macaulayfication introduced by Goto …
Let $R$ be a commutative Noetherian ring, $\mathfrak a$ and $\mathfrak b$ ideals of $R$. In this paper, we study the finiteness dimension $f_{\mathfrak a}(M)$ of $M$ relative to $\mathfrak a$ and the $\mathfrak b$-minimum $\mathfrak a$-adjusted depth $λ_{\mathfrak a}^{\mathfrak b}(M)$ of $M$, where the underlying module $M$ is relative Cohen-Macaulay w.r.t $\mathfrak a$. Some applications of such modules are given.
We give the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of arrangements of (n-2)-planes in P^n whose incidence graph is a sufficiently large complete bipartite graph, and determine when such arrangements are arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay.
Let $C({\bf n})$ be a complete intersection monomial curve in the 4-dimensional affine space. In this paper we study the complete intersection property of the monomial curve $C({\bf n}+w{\bf v})$, where $w>0$ is an integer and ${\bf v} \in \mathbb{N}^{4}$. Also we investigate the Cohen-Macaulayness of the tangent cone of $C({\bf n}+w{\bf v})$.
Let $(R, \mathfrak m)$ be an unmixed Noetherian local ring, Q a parameter ideal and $K$ an $\mathfrak m$-primary ideal of $R$ containing $Q$. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for $R$ to be Cohen-Macaulay in terms of $g_0(Q)$ and $g_1(Q)$, the Hilbert coefficients of $Q$ with respect to $K$. As a consequence, we obtain a result of Ghezzi et al. which settles the negativity conjecture of W. V. Vasconcelos [15] in unmixed local rings.
Let $(R, {\mathfrak m})$ be a Noetherian local ring and let $I$ be an $R$-ideal. Inspired by the work of Hübl and Huneke, we look for conditions that guarantee the Cohen-Macaulayness of the special fiber ring ${\mathcal F}={\mathcal R}/{\mathfrak m}{\mathcal R}$ of $I$, where ${\mathcal R}$ denotes the Rees algebra of $I$. Our key idea is to require `good' intersection properties as well as `few' homogeneous generating relations in low degrees. In particular, if $I$ is a strongly Cohen-Macaulay $R$-ideal with $G_{\ell}$ and the expected reduction number, we conclude that ${\mathcal F}$ is alwa…
Let $I$ be a monomial ideal $I$ in a polynomial ring $R = k[x_1,...,x_r]$. In this paper we give an upper bound on $\overline{\dstab} (I)$ in terms of $r$ and the maximal generating degree $d(I)$ of $I$ such that $\depth R/\overline{I^n}$ is constant for all $n\geqslant \overline{\dstab}(I)$. As an application, we classify the class of monomial ideals $I$ such that $\overline{I^n}$ is Cohen-Macaulay for some integer $n\gg 0$.
The conjecture of Wolmer Vasconcelos on the vanishing of the first Hilbert coefficient $e_1(Q)$ is solved affirmatively, where $Q$ is a parameter ideal in a Noetherian local ring. Basic properties of the rings for which $e_1(Q)$ vanishes are derived. The invariance of $e_1(Q)$ for parameter ideals $Q$ and its relationship to Buchsbaum rings are studied.
Given two determinantal rings over a field k. We consider the Rees algebra of the diagonal ideal, the kernel of the multiplication map. The special fiber ring of the diagonal ideal is the homogeneous coordinate ring of the join variety. When the Rees algebra and the Symmetric algebra coincide, we show that the Rees algebra is Cohen-Macaulay.
We prove that, modulo any power of a prime $p$, the absolute integral closure of an excellent noetherian domain is Cohen-Macaulay. A graded analog is also established, yielding variants of Kodaira vanishing "up to finite covers" in mixed characteristic. Our main tools are (log) prismatic cohomology (which yields a Frobenius action in mixed characteristic) and the $p$-adic Riemann-Hilbert functor for constructible étale $\mathbf{F}_p$-sheaves on varieties over a $p$-adic field (which almost controls perfectified prismatic cohomology).
Let S be a standard N^r-graded algebra over a local ring A, and let M be a finitely generated Z^r-graded S-module. We characterize the Cohen-Macaulayness of M in terms of the vanishing of certain sheaf cohomology modules. As a consequence, we apply our result to study the Cohen-Macaulayness of multi-Rees modules (also called Rees modification). Our work extends previous studies on the Cohen-Macaulayness of multi-Rees algebras.
We show the Cohen-Macaulayness and describe the canonical module of residual intersections $J=\mathfrak{a}\colon_R I$ in a Cohen-Macaulay local ring $R$, under sliding depth type hypotheses. For this purpose, we construct and study, using a recent article of Hassanzadeh and the second named author, a family of complexes that contains important informations on a residual intersection and its canonical module. We also determine several invariants of residual intersections as the graded canonical module, the Hilbert series, the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity and the type. Finally, whenever $I$ is…
In the present paper we investigate a question stemming from a long-standing conjecture of Vasconcelos: given a generically a complete intersection perfect ideal I in a regular local ring R, is it true that if I/I^2 (or R/I^2) is Cohen-Macaulay then R/I is Gorenstein? Huneke and Ulrich, Minh and Trung, Trung and Tuan and - very recently - Rinaldo Terai and Yoshida, already considered this question and gave a positive answer for special classes of ideals. We give a positive answer for some classes of ideals, however, we also exhibit prime ideals in regular local rings and homogeneous level idea…
We recall a numerical criteria for Cohen--Macaulayness related to system of parameters, and introduce monomial ideals of König type which include the edge ideals of König graphs. We show that a monomial ideal is of König type if and only if its corresponding residue class ring admits a system of parameters whose elements are of the form $x_i-x_j$. This provides an algebraic characterization of König graphs. We use this special parameter systems for the study of the edge ideal of König graphs and the study of the order complex of a certain family of posets. Finally, for any simplicial complex $…
Let $\fa$ be an ideal of a local ring $(R,\fm)$ and $M$ a finitely generated $R$-module. We investigate the structure of the formal local cohomology modules ${\vpl}_nH^i_{\fm}(M/\fa^n M)$, $i\geq 0$. We prove several results concerning finiteness properties of formal local cohomology modules which indicate that these modules behave very similar to local cohomology modules. Among other things, we prove that if $\dim R\leq 2$ or either $\fa$ is principal or $\dim R/\fa\leq 1$, then $\Tor_j^R(R/\fa,{\vpl}_nH^i_{\fm}(M/\fa^n M))$ is Artinian for all $i$ and $j$. Also, we examine the notion $\fgrad…
Given a partition $λ$ of n, consider the subspace $E_λ$ of $C^n$ where the first $λ_1$ coordinates are equal, the next $λ_2$ coordinates are equal, etc. In this paper, we study subspace arrangements $X_λ$ consisting of the union of translates of $E_λ$ by the symmetric group. In particular, we focus on determining when $X_λ$ is Cohen-Macaulay. This is inspired by previous work of the third author coming from the study of rational Cherednik algebras and which answers the question positively when all parts of $λ$ are equal. We show that $X_λ$ is not Cohen-Macaulay when $λ$ has at least 4 distinct…
In this paper, we explore a relationship between Hilbert functions and the irreducible decompositions of ideals in local rings. Applications are given to characterize the regularity, Gorensteinness, Cohen-Macaulayness and sequentially Cohen-Macaulayness of local rings.
In this paper we study simplicial complexes as higher dimensional graphs in order to produce algebraic statements about their facet ideals. We introduce a large class of square-free monomial ideals with Cohen-Macaulay quotients, and a criterion for the Cohen-Macaulayness of facet ideals of simplicial trees. Along the way, we generalize several concepts from graph theory to simplicial complexes.
