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arXiv 2409.08326astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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高红移富气星系中轻种子黑洞的增长

Growth of Light-Seed Black Holes in Gas-Rich Galaxies at High Redshift

Daxal Mehta, John A. Regan, Lewis Prole

AI总结:

本研究针对高红移富气星系中轻种子黑洞的增长问题,利用Arepo代码追踪相关恒星与黑洞形成,发现无反馈时黑洞10^4年可增至10^5 M⊙,超新星反馈使活跃增长黑洞数减一个量级但仍有1%呈超高爱丁顿吸积,为后续研究奠定基础。

摘要:

詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜最近的观测证实,在红移z>10处存在大质量黑洞(>10^6 M⊙)。然而,它们的形成机制仍是一个悬而未决的问题。轻种子黑洞是其中一种形成途径,由无金属(第三星族)恒星的末期演化形成。只要轻种子黑洞在相当长的时间内以接近爱丁顿极限的速率吸积,或经历几次超爱丁顿吸积爆发,就能成长为大质量黑洞。在本研究中,我们旨在确定轻种子能否在富气星系(类似于高红移z≳10处预期的星系)中增长。我们使用Arepo代码,自洽地追踪总质量范围为10^8 M⊙的星系中第三星族恒星和黑洞的形成。我们发现,在没有反馈的情况下,黑洞仅需10^4年就能成长到10^5 M⊙。这些黑洞不会与其诞生的气体团块解耦,并能以超高爱丁顿速率吸积。在存在超新星反馈的情况下,活跃增长的黑洞数量减少了一个数量级。然而,尽管存在超新星反馈,我们仍观测到约1%的黑洞群体处于超高爱丁顿吸积状态。这项(理想化的)研究为未来在宇宙学框架中测试我们的模型奠定了基础。在本研究中,我们忽略了恒星演化和黑洞增长吸积过程中的辐射反馈。这可能意味着我们的结果代表了轻种子增长的上限。我们将在未来的工作中解决这些不足。

英文摘要:

Recent observations by the James Webb Space Telescope confirm the existence of massive black holes ($>10^6$ $\rm{M_{\odot}}$) beyond the redshift of $z=10$. However, their formation mechanism(s) still remain an open question. Light seed black holes are one such formation pathway, forming as the end stage of metalfree (Population III) stars. Light seed black holes can grow into massive black holes as long as they accrete near the Eddington limit for substantial periods or undergo several bursts of super-Eddington accretion. In this work, our aim is to ascertain if light seeds can grow in gas rich galaxies - similar to those expected at high redshift (z $\gtrsim 10$). Using the Arepo code, we follow self-consistently the formation of Population III stars and black holes in galaxies with total masses in the range $10^8$ $\rm{M_{\odot}}$. We find that in the absence of feedback, black holes can grow to $10^5$ $\rm{M_{\odot}}$ in just $10^4$ years. These black holes do not decouple from the gas clumps in which they are born and are able to accrete at hyper-Eddington rates. In the presence of supernova feedback, the number of actively growing black holes diminishes by an order of magnitude. However, we still observe hyper-Eddington accretion in approximately 1 % of the black hole population despite supernova feedback. This (idealised) work lays the foundation for future works, where we will test our models in a cosmological framework. In this work, we neglect radiative feedback processes from stellar evolution and from accretion onto the growing black holes. This likely means that our results represent an upper limit to light seed growth. We will address these shortcomings in future work.

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