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arXiv 2302.00702astro-ph.GA
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动力学摩擦模型模拟高红移超大质量黑洞并合

High-redshift supermassive black hole mergers in simulations with dynamical friction modelling

Colin DeGraf, Nianyi Chen, Yueying Ni, Tiziana Di Matteo, Simeon Bird, Michael Tremmel, Rupert Croft

摘要:

在不久的将来,像LISA和脉冲星定时阵列这样的项目有望探测到来自超大质量黑洞合并的引力波,现在精确地模拟潜在的合并人口是至关重要的,以最大限度地提高我们可以从这些新数据中学到的东西。在这里,我们描述了预期的高红移(z > 2)黑洞合并使用非常大的体积阿斯特丽德宇宙学模拟,它使用一系列的种子质量探测到低质量的黑洞,并直接纳入动力学摩擦,以便准确地模拟动力学过程,使黑洞的星系中心,在那里的二进制的形成和合并将发生。Astrid中的黑洞群包括低至10 $^{4.5}$ M $_\odot$的黑洞,并且在大于10 $^6$ M $_\odot$(TNG中使用的种子质量)的尺度上与TNG模拟保持广泛一致。通过解析低质量的黑洞,整体合并率比TNG高5倍。然而,将动力学摩擦延迟合并相比,一个重中心计划,减少高z合并率质量匹配合并的一个因素~ 2倍。我们还计算了预期的LISA信噪比值,并表明分布在高SNR(>100)时达到峰值,强调了实施远低于LISA峰值灵敏度(10 $^6$ M $_\odot$)的种子质量以解决大多数LISA GW检测的重要性。

英文摘要:

In the near future, projects like LISA and Pulsar Timing Arrays are expected to detect gravitational waves from mergers between supermassive black holes, and it is crucial to precisely model the underlying merger populations now to maximize what we can learn from this new data. Here we characterize expected high-redshift (z > 2) black hole mergers using the very large volume Astrid cosmological simulation, which uses a range of seed masses to probe down to low-mass BHs, and directly incorporates dynamical friction so as to accurately model the dynamical processes which bring black holes to the galaxy center where binary formation and coalescence will occur. The black hole populations in Astrid include black holes down to 10$^{4.5}$ M$_\odot$, and remain broadly consistent with the TNG simulations at scales > 10$^6$ M$_\odot$ (the seed mass used in TNG). By resolving lower-mass black holes, the overall merger rate is ~5x higher than in TNG. However, incorporating dynamical friction delays mergers compared to a recentering scheme, reducing the high-z merger rate mass-matched mergers by a factor of ~2x. We also calculate the expected LISA Signal-to-Noise values, and show that the distribution peaks at high SNR (>100), emphasizing the importance of implementing a seed mass well below LISA's peak sensitivity (10$^6$ M$_\odot$) to resolve the majority of LISA's GW detections.

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