壳盖层：动力摩擦、逐渐卫星衰变和合并定年
Shell Galaxies: Dynamical Friction, Gradual Satellite Decay and Merger Dating
摘要：
以完善壳星系的建模和使用壳探测合并的历史为目标，我们开发了一种新的方法，用于实现动态摩擦的径向未成年人合并的测试粒子模拟。摩擦与矮星系的逐渐衰变相结合。这两种效应的耦合可以显著地重新分配壳层的位置和光度;忽略它们会导致合并日期的重大错误。
英文摘要：
With the goal to refine modelling of shell galaxies and the use of shells to probe the merger history, we develop a new method for implementing dynamical friction in test-particle simulations of radial minor mergers. The friction is combined with a gradual decay of the dwarf galaxy. The coupling of both effects can considerably redistribute positions and luminosities of shells; neglecting them can lead to significant errors in attempts to date the merger.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
