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arXiv 2409.08017quant-ph
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量子黑客:针对实用连续变量量子密钥分发系统的诱导光折变攻击

Quantum hacking: Induced-photorefraction attack on a practical continuous-variable quantum key distribution system

Yiliang Wang, Yi Zheng, Chenlei Fang, Haobin Shi, Wei Pan

AI总结:

本文针对实用连续变量量子密钥分发系统,提出利用铌酸锂调制器光折变效应的诱导光折变攻击,揭示其导致秘密密钥率被高估的安全漏洞,并给出随机监测、光功率限制器和Sagnac强度调制器等防御对策。

摘要:

我们探索了实用连续变量量子密钥分发(CVQKD)系统中一个新的安全漏洞,该漏洞由基于铌酸锂(LN-based)调制器的光折变效应所开启。通过利用这一漏洞,我们提出了一种量子黑客策略,即诱导光折变攻击,该攻击利用LN-based调制器上的诱导光折变来隐藏经典的截获-重发攻击。具体而言,我们表明诱导光折变能够使LN-based调制器的响应曲线发生偏置,从而影响调制信号的强度。基于对上述影响下信道参数估计的研究,我们进一步分析了实用CVQKD系统的秘密密钥率。仿真结果表明,通信双方会高估秘密密钥率,这揭示了Eve可以通过发起诱导光折变攻击主动打开上述漏洞,从而成功获取秘密密钥信息。为了防御这种攻击,我们可以使用调制方差的随机监测方案来确定该攻击,并使用改进的光功率限制器来有效减轻照射光束的影响。除了这些对策之外,我们还提出使用基于Sagnac的强度调制器(IM)来稳定实用CVQKD系统,从而最大限度地减少上述效应。

英文摘要:

We explore a new security loophole in a practical continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) system, which is opened by the photorefractive effect of lithium niobate-based (LN-based) modulators. By exploiting this loophole, we propose a quantum hacking strategy, i.e., the induced-photorefraction attack, which utilizes the induced photorefraction on the LN-based modulators to hide the classical intercept-resend attack. Specifically, we show that the induced photorefraction can bias the response curve of the LN-based modulator, which will affect the intensity of the modulated signal. Based on the investigation of the channel parameter estimation under above influence, we further analyze the secret key rate of the practical CVQKD system. The simulation results indicate that the communication parties will overestimate the secret key rate, which reveals that Eve can actively open the above loophole by launching the induced-photorefraction attack to successfully obtain the secret key information. To defend against this attack, we can use a random monitoring scheme for modulation variance to determine this attack, and use an improving optical power limiter to effectively mitigate the irradiation beam. Apart from these countermeasures, we also propose using the Sagnac-based IM to stabilize the practical CVQKD system, which can minimize the above effects.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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