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arXiv 2409.07544cond-mat.str-el
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二维 Toric Code 中低纠缠激发的融合

Fusion of Low-Entanglement Excitations in 2D Toric Code

Jing-Yu Zhao, Xie Chen

AI总结:

本文研究非可逆拓扑相中的低纠缠激发,以 $\mathbb{Z}_2$ toric code 为例分析一维 LEE 与 0 维态射的融合如何受融合线路和缺陷顺序影响。

摘要:

在一个 $D$ 维有能隙体态之上,位于 $d$($<D$)维子流形上的低纠缠激发(LEE)可以具有广延能量,但仍保持基态的纠缠面积律。由于其多维性质,LEE 在量子系统中体现出更高范畴结构。它们是修改后哈密顿量的基态,因此刻画了广义对称性的“缺陷”概念。在以往工作中,我们研究了平凡相中的低纠缠激发以及可逆相中的低纠缠激发。我们发现这些相中的 LEE 具有与低维有能隙相及其内部缺陷相同的结构。本文研究非可逆拓扑相中的 LEE。我们聚焦于 $\mathbb{Z}_2$ toric code 这一简单例子,并讨论带有 0 维态射的一维 LEE 的融合结果如何同时依赖于融合线路的选择以及被融合缺陷的排序。

英文摘要:

On top of a $D$-dimensional gapped bulk state, Low Entanglement Excitations (LEE) on $d$($<D$)-dimensional sub-manifolds can have extensive energy but preserves the entanglement area law of the ground state. Due to their multi-dimensional nature, the LEEs embody a higher-category structure in quantum systems. They are the ground state of a modified Hamiltonian and hence capture the notions of `defects' of generalized symmetries. In previous works, we studied the low-entanglement excitations in a trivial phase as well as those in invertible phases. We find that LEEs in these phases have the same structure as lower-dimensional gapped phases and their defects within. In this paper, we study the LEEs inside non-invertible topological phases. We focus on the simple example of $\mathbb{Z}_2$ toric code and discuss how the fusion result of 1d LEEs with 0d morphisms can depend on both the choice of fusion circuit and the ordering of the fused defects.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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