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arXiv 2409.03342astro-ph.EPastro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR
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塑造外太阳系的恒星飞掠轨迹

Trajectory of the stellar flyby that shaped the outer solar system

Susanne Pfalzner, Amith Govind, Simon Portegies Zwart

AI总结:

本研究通过比较 TNO 观测与数千次恒星飞掠模拟,发现一颗约 0.8 M⊙ 恒星以 110 au、70° 倾角飞掠可同时解释外太阳系多种遥远及逆行 TNO 族群。

摘要:

与太阳系行星不同,海王星以外的数千个较小天体以偏心(e > 0.1)且倾角 i > 3° 的轨道绕太阳运行。虽然太阳系演化早期巨行星的迁移会导致外海王星天体(TNO)发生显著散射,但这一过程无法解释少量位于行星作用范围之外的遥远 TNO(近心距 r_p > 60 au)。另一种情形是另一颗恒星近距离飞掠,反而可以同时产生所有这些 TNO 特征,但此类交会可能的参数空间非常广阔。在此,我们将观测到的 TNO 性质与数千次飞掠模拟进行比较,以确定能够再现所有不同动力学 TNO 族群、其位置及相对丰度的飞掠具体性质,并发现一颗质量为 0.8^{+0.1}_{-0.1} M⊙ 的恒星以 r_p = 110 ± 10 au 的距离、i = 70°^{+5}_{-10} 的倾角经过,可给出近乎完美的匹配。该飞掠还再现了此前难以解释的逆行 TNO 族群。这样的飞掠相当常见;银河系中至少有 1.4 亿颗类太阳恒星可能经历过类似事件。基于这些结果,我们预测即将投入使用的 Vera Rubin 望远镜将揭示遥远和逆行 TNO 相对常见。

英文摘要:

Unlike the Solar System planets, thousands of smaller bodies beyond Neptune orbit the Sun on eccentric ($e >$ 0.1) and ($i>$ 3$^\circ$) orbits. While migration of the giant planets during the early stages of Solar System evolution can induce substantial scattering of trans-Neptunian objects (TNO), this process cannot account for the small number of distant TNOs ($r_p >$ 60 au) outside the planets' reach. The alternative scenario of the close flyby of another star can instead produce all these TNO features simultaneously, but the possible parameter space for such an encounter is vast. Here, we compare observed TNO properties with thousands of flyby simulations to determine the specific properties of a flyby that reproduces all the different dynamical TNO populations, their location and their relative abundance and find that a 0.8$^{+0.1}_{-0.1}$ $M_{\odot}$ star passing at a distance of $ r_p =$ 110 $\mathbf{\pm}$ 10 au, inclined by $i$ = 70$^\circ$ $^{+5}_{-10}$ gives a near-perfect match. This flyby also replicates the retrograde TNO population, which has proved difficult to explain. Such a flyby is reasonably frequent; at least 140 million solar-type stars in the Milky Way are likely to have experienced a similar one. In light of these results, we predict that the upcoming Vera Rubin telescope will reveal that distant and retrograde TNOs are relatively common.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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