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arXiv 2108.10296astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EPastro-ph.GA
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在低质量星团中常见的近距离恒星飞掠

Close stellar flybys common in low-mass clusters

Susanne Pfalzner, Amith Govind

摘要:

许多原行星盘显示出明显的旋臂特征。虽然可能是由一系列过程引起的,但详细的模式分析指出,近距离的恒星飞掠是其中一些过程的原因。令人惊讶的是,这些圆盘位于年轻的低质量星团中,在那里近距离的恒星飞行预计是罕见的。这一事实促使我们重新审视低质量星系团中近距离飞越的频率。在太阳附近,低质量星团的半质量半径比质量更大的星团要小。我们发现,这一观测事实的结果,在低质量的集群的平均和中心的恒星密度大致相同的高质量的集群,这是很少反映在理论研究。我们进行N体模拟的恒星动力学在年轻的集群服从所观察到的质量半径关系。以平均光盘截断半径作为代理的环境的影响程度,我们发现,环境对光盘的影响是或多或少相同的低质量和高质量的集群。甚至小圆盘($<$ 10 au)的分数也几乎相同。我们的主要结论是,近距离飞越的频率似乎被严重低估了低质量的集群。这个假说的一个可检验的预测是,低质量星系团应该包含10%-15%被飞掠截断的小于30 au的盘。这些截短的花盘应该通过其陡峭的外边缘与原始的小花盘区分开来。

英文摘要:

Numerous protoplanetary discs show distinct spiral arms features. While possibly caused by a range of processes, detailed pattern analysis points at close stellar flybys as cause for some of them. Surprisingly, these discs reside in young low-mass clusters, where close stellar flybys are expected to be rare. This fact motivated us to take a fresh look at the frequency of close flybys in low-mass clusters. In the solar neighbourhood, low-mass clusters have smaller half-mass radii than their more massive counterparts. We show that this observational fact results in the mean and central stellar density of low-mass clusters being approximately the same as in high-mass clusters, which is rarely reflected in theoretical studies. We perform N-body simulations of the stellar dynamics in young clusters obeying the observed mass-radius relation. Taking the mean disc truncation radius as a proxy for the degree of influence of the environment, we find that the influence of the environment on discs is more or less the same in low- and high-mass clusters. Even the fraction of small discs($<$ 10 au) is nearly identical. Our main conclusion is that the frequency of close flybys seems to have been severely underestimated for low-mass clusters. A testable prediction of this hypothesis is that low-mass clusters should contain 10%-15% of discs smaller than 30 au truncated by flybys. These truncated discs should be distinguishable from primordially small discs by their steep outer edge.

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