一次塑造了巨行星轨道的亚恒星飞掠
A substellar flyby that shaped the orbits of the giant planets
AI总结：
本文提出一次2-50倍木星质量亚恒星天体的近距离飞掠可解释太阳系巨行星的偏心率和倾角，并估计该事件发生概率约为九千分之一。
摘要：
巨行星适度偏心且非共面的轨道对太阳系形成理论构成了挑战，这些理论通常认为巨行星是在原行星盘中以近乎完美的圆形和共面轨道形成的。我们证明，一个质量为2-50倍木星质量的天体，以小于20 AU的近日点距离和1-3 km/s的双曲超速穿过太阳系，单次相遇就可以将巨行星的偏心率和相互倾角激发到与观测值相当的水平。我们描述了一种度量指标，用于评估模拟的飞掠系统与太阳系偏心率和倾角长期模态的匹配程度。我们估计，在太阳系处于其原初星团期间，发生这样一次飞掠并产生与太阳系相似的动力学结构的概率约为九千分之一。远古时期与亚恒星天体近距离相遇的情景为行星中等偏心率和倾角以及长期结构的起源提供了一种合理的解释。我们讨论了破坏性飞掠相遇对银河系中行星系统的一些更广泛的影响。
英文摘要：
The modestly eccentric and non-coplanar orbits of the giant planets pose a challenge to solar system formation theories which generally indicate that the giant planets emerged from the protoplanetary disk in nearly perfectly circular and coplanar orbits. We demonstrate that a single encounter with a 2-50 Jupiter-mass object, passing through the solar system at a perihelion distance less than 20 AU and a hyperbolic excess velocity of 1-3 km/s, can excite the giant planets' eccentricities and mutual inclinations to values comparable to those observed. We describe a metric to evaluate how closely a simulated flyby system matches the eccentricity and inclination secular modes of the solar system. We estimate that there is about a 1-in-9000 chance that such a flyby occurs during the solar system's residence in its primordial cluster and produces a dynamical architecture similar to that of the solar system. The scenario of an ancient close encounter with a substellar object offers a plausible explanation for the origin of the moderate eccentricities and inclinations and the secular architecture of the planets. We discuss some broader implications of disruptive flyby encounters on planetary systems in the Galaxy.
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