高强度重离子束实验中的靶材溅射
Sputtering of targets in high-intensity heavy-ion beam experiments
AI总结：
本文针对超重核合成等强重离子束长期实验中的靶原子溅射问题，结合现有模型与数据分析旋转大靶对溅射产额的降低作用，估算了Z>118超重核合成实验的溅射产额可靠性并与已有锕系靶实验数据对比。
摘要：
基于现有模型与实验数据，本文研究了长期强重离子（HI）束实验中的靶原子溅射现象。全球各实验室开展的超重核（SHN）合成实验，就是在特定条件下会遭遇靶原子溅射问题的这类实验的典型代表。这类实验采用带有较大靶环面积的旋转轮，以降低靶材承受的温度与辐射负载。大尺寸旋转靶可显著降低靶原子的溅射产额。目前存在的问题是，在原子序数Z>118的超重核合成实验中，这些溅射产额的可靠性仍有待验证。这类原子核的产生截面极低，需要穿过靶材的重离子束剂量超过10²⁰个粒子，才能观测到数个合成超重核的衰变事件。本文给出了基于近似方法与模拟的估算结果，并将其与部分已有的锕系靶材溅射实验数据进行了对比，这些数据来自已开展的超重核合成实验。
英文摘要：
Based on available models and experimental data, the sputtering of target atoms in long-term experiments with intense heavy ion (HI) beams has been considered. The experiments on the synthesis of superheavy nuclei (SHN), which are carried out in laboratories around the world, are examples of such experiments encountering the target atoms sputtering in specific conditions. Rotating wheels with a relatively large target annulus area are used in these experiments to reduce the temperature and radiation loads on the target. Large areas of rotating targets allow one to reduce the sputtering yields of target atoms significantly. The question arises about the reliability of these yields in experiments on the synthesis of SHN with Z > 118. These nuclei can be produced with extremely low cross sections, requiring HI beam doses exceeding 1020 particles passed through the target to observe several decay events of the thus synthesized SHN. Estimates based on approximations and simulations considered in this work are presented and compared with some data on actinide target sputtering obtained in experiments performed on the synthesis of SHN.
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