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arXiv 2408.08368cond-mat.mes-hallcs.SYeess.SYphysics.app-ph
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自旋霍尔纳米天线

Spin Hall Nano-Antenna

Raisa Fabiha, Pratap Kumar Pal, Michael Suche, Amrit Kumar Mondal, Erdem Topsakal, Anjan Barman, Supriyo Bandyopadhyay

AI总结:

本研究提出自旋霍尔纳米天线(SHNA),利用自旋霍尔效应驱动磁致伸缩纳米磁体磁化振荡,实现兼具电磁/声学辐射的双功能天线,且其辐射具有频率相关的方向性。

摘要:

自旋霍尔效应是自旋电子学和磁学领域的著名现象,已在数字电子学(存储器和逻辑器件)中得到大量应用,但在模拟电子学中的应用却极少。实际上,唯一被广泛使用的模拟应用是自旋霍尔纳米振荡器(SHNO,spin Hall nano-oscillator),它可向负载输送高频交变电流或电压。本文中,我们报道了它的类似物——自旋霍尔纳米天线(SHNA,spin Hall nano-antenna),该器件可向周围介质辐射高频电磁波(交变电场/磁场)。如果纳米磁体由磁致伸缩材料制成,它还能在下方衬底中辐射声波,这使其成为一种电磁/声学双功能天线。SHNA由沉积在衬底上的带凸缘磁致伸缩纳米磁体阵列构成,重金属纳米带位于凸缘的下方或上方。当交变电荷电流通过纳米带时,会通过自旋霍尔效应在纳米磁体中产生交变自旋轨道矩,使纳米磁体的磁化强度随电流频率随时间振荡,产生受限自旋波(磁振子),进而在空间中辐射出与交流电流频率相同的电磁波(光子)。尽管SHNA的尺寸远小于其辐射波长,但令人意外的是,它并不像点源那样各向同性地辐射。相反,其辐射方向图存在明显的方向性(各向异性),且这种方向性与频率相关。这是由于纳米磁体内部产生的受限自旋波图案存在(与频率相关的)本征各向异性,这种各向异性实际上赋予了“点源”内部各向异性特性。

英文摘要:

The spin Hall effect is a celebrated phenomenon in spintronics and magnetism that has found numerous applications in digital electronics (memory and logic), but very few in analog electronics. Practically, the only analog application in widespread use is the spin Hall nano-oscillator (SHNO) that delivers a high frequency alternating current or voltage to a load. Here, we report its analogue - a spin Hall nano-antenna (SHNA) that radiates a high frequency electromagnetic wave (alternating electric/magnetic fields) into the surrounding medium. It can also radiate an acoustic wave in an underlying substrate if the nanomagnets are made of a magnetostrictive material. That makes it a dual electromagnetic/acoustic antenna. The SHNA is made of an array of ledged magnetostrictive nanomagnets deposited on a substrate, with a heavy metal nanostrip underlying/overlying the ledges. An alternating charge current passed through the nanostrip generates an alternating spin-orbit torque in the nanomagnets via the spin Hall effect which makes their magnetizations oscillate in time with the frequency of the current, producing confined spin waves (magnons), which radiate electromagnetic waves (photons) in space with the same frequency as the ac current. Despite being much smaller than the radiated wavelength, the SHNA surprisingly does not act as a point source which would radiate isotropically. Instead, there is clear directionality (anisotropy) in the radiation pattern, which is frequency-dependent. This is due to the (frequency-dependent) intrinsic anisotropy in the confined spin wave patterns generated within the nanomagnets, which effectively endows the "point source" with internal anisotropy.

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