Optic disc and cup segmentation helps in the diagnosis of glaucoma, myocardial infarction, and diabetic retinopathy. Most deep learning methods developed to perform segmentation tasks are built on top of a U-Net-based model architecture. Nevertheless, U-Net and its variants have a tendency to over-segment/ under-segment the required regions of interest. Since the most important outcome is the value of cup-to-disc ratio and not the segmented regions themselves, we are more concerned about the boundaries rather than the regions under the boundaries. This makes learning edges important as compared to learning the regions. In the proposed work, the authors aim to extract both edges of the optic disc and cup from the ground truth using a Laplacian filter. Next, edges are reconstructed to obtain an edge ground truth in addition to the optic disc-cup ground truth. Utilizing both ground truths, the authors study several U-Net and its variant architectures with and without optic disc and cup edges as target, along with the optic disc-cup ground truth for segmentation. The authors have used the REFUGE benchmark dataset and the Drishti-GS dataset to perform the study, and the results are tabulated for the dice and the Hausdorff distance metrics. In the case of the REFUGE dataset, the optic disc mean dice score has improved from 0.7425 to 0.8859 while the mean Hausdorff distance has reduced from 6.5810 to 3.0540 for the baseline U-Net model. Similarly, the optic cup mean dice score has improved from 0.6970 to 0.8639 while the mean Hausdorff distance has reduced from 5.2340 to 2.6323 for the same model. Similar improvement has been observed for the Drishti-GS dataset as well. Compared to the baseline U-Net and its variants (i.e) the Attention U-Net and the U-Net++, the models that learn integrated edges along with the optic disc and cup regions performed well in both validation and testing datasets.
Multiscale Softmax Cross Entropy for Fovea Localization on Color Fundus Photography
Institute of Imaging and Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen, Germany(成像与计算机视觉研究所,RWTH亚琛,德国);Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen, Germany(眼科部门,RWTH亚琛,德国)
Deep learning on fundus images detects glaucoma beyond the optic disc
KU Leuven(鲁汶大学);UZ Leuven(鲁汶大学医院);University of Porto(波尔图大学);Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João(圣若昂大学医院中心);Hasselt University(哈瑟尔特大学);University of Antwerp(安特卫普大学);Flemish Institute for Technological Research(弗拉芒技术研究院)
REFUGE2 Challenge: A Treasure Trove for Multi-Dimension Analysis and Evaluation in Glaucoma Screening
Sun Yat-sen University(中山大学);Baidu Inc.(百度公司);Agency for Science, Technology and Research(新加坡科技研究局);CONICET(阿根廷国家科学技术研究委员会);UNICEN(阿根廷中央国立大学);Medical University of Vienna(维也纳医科大学);VUNO Inc.(VUNO公司);Tencent(腾讯)
REFUGE Challenge: A Unified Framework for Evaluating Automated Methods for Glaucoma Assessment from Fundus Photographs
Medical University of Vienna(维也纳医科大学);Inception Institute of Artificial Intelligence(起源人工智能研究院);University of Porto(波尔图大学);KU Leuven(鲁汶大学);Universitat Politècnica de València(瓦伦西亚理工大学);University of Florida(佛罗里达大学);The Chinese University of Hong Kong(香港中文大学);Gachon University(嘉泉大学);Samsung SDS AI Research Center(三星SDS人工智能研究中心);Yale University(耶鲁大学)
A Session Based Blind Watermarking Technique within the NROI of Retinal Fundus Images for Authentication Using DWT, Spread Spectrum and Harris Corner Detection
JIS College of Engineering(JIS工程学院);Kalyani Govt. Engg. College(卡利亚尼政府工程学院)
G1020: A Benchmark Retinal Fundus Image Dataset for Computer-Aided Glaucoma Detection
Technische Universität Kaiserslautern(凯泽斯劳滕工业大学);German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence GmbH (DFKI)(德国人工智能研究中心);Opthalmology Clinic(眼科诊所);National University of Science and Technology (NUST)(国立科技大学);National Center of Artificial Intelligence(国家人工智能中心);Smart Data and Knowledge Services(智能数据与知识服务部)
Automated Segmentation of the Optic Disk and Cup using Dual-Stage Fully Convolutional Networks
University of Sydney(悉尼大学);Shanghai Jiao Tong University(上海交通大学);Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University(上海交通大学Med-X研究院);Royal Prince Alfred Hospital(皇家阿尔弗雷德王子医院)
State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases(眼科学国家重点实验室、中山眼科中心、中山大学、广东省眼科学重点实验室和视觉科学、广东省眼科临床研究中心);Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau(澳门城市大学数据科学学院);Hainan International College, Minzu University of China(海南国际学院,中国民族大学);School of Information Technology, Faculty of Business and Hospitality, Torrens University Australia(澳大利亚托伦斯大学信息科技学院,商业与酒店管理学院);AIM for Health Lab, Faculty of IT, Monash University, Australia(健康AIM实验室,墨尔本大学IT学院,澳大利亚);Department of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology(广州第一人民医院,华南理工大学第二附属医院);The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University(中南大学湘雅医学院第三医院)
Opening the black box of deep learning: Validating the statistical association between explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) and clinical domain knowledge in fundus image-based glaucoma diagnosis
Duke-NUS Medical School(杜克-新加坡国立大学医学院);Singapore National Eye Centre(新加坡国家眼科中心)
Calibrate the inter-observer segmentation uncertainty via diagnosis-first principle
Baidu Inc.(百度公司);University of Electronic Science and Technology of China(电子科技大学);South China University of Technology(华南理工大学);Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University(暨南大学附属深圳眼科医院);Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR(新加坡科技研究局资讯通信研究院)
在医学图像上,许多组织/病变可能是模糊的。这就是为什么医学分割通常由一组临床专家进行注释,以减轻个人偏见。然而,这种临床常规也给机器学习算法的应用带来了新的挑战。如果没有明确的基础事实,就很难训练和评估深度学习模型。当注释是从不同的评分者收集的,一个常见的选择是多数投票。然而,这种策略忽略了评分员熟练程度之间的差异。在本文中,我们认为预测的分割与校准的观察者间的不确定性的任务。我们注意到,在临床实践中,医学图像分割通常用于辅助疾病诊断。受此启发,我们提出了诊断优先原则,即以疾病诊断为标准来校准观察者间的分割不确定性。根据这一思想,提出了一个诊断优先分割框架(DiFF),用于从原始图像中估计诊断优先分割,DiFF将首先学习将多评价器分割标签融合到一个单一的地面真值,以最大限度地提高疾病诊断性能。我们将融合后的地面真值称为诊断第一地面真值(Diagnosis First Ground-truth,DF-GT),并进一步提出Take and Give模型从原始图像中分割DF-GT。我们验证了三个不同的医疗分割任务的有效性:眼底图像的OD/OC分割,超声图像上的甲状腺结节分割,皮肤镜图像上的皮肤病变分割。实验结果表明,所提出的DiFF是能够显着促进相应的疾病诊断,这优于以前的国家的最先进的多评价者学习方法。
Regression and Learning with Pixel-wise Attention for Retinal Fundus Glaucoma Segmentation and Detection
University of Florida(佛罗里达大学)
眼科医生观察视网膜眼底图像是青光眼的主要诊断方法。然而,仅通过人工观察仍然难以区分病变的特征,特别是在青光眼早期。在本文中,我们提出了两种基于深度学习的自动算法,用于青光眼检测和视盘和视杯分割。我们利用注意力机制来学习像素级特征以进行准确预测。特别是,我们提出了两个卷积神经网络,可以专注于学习各种像素级特征。此外,我们还开发了几种注意力策略来指导网络学习对预测准确性有重大影响的重要特征。我们在验证数据集上评估了我们的方法,提出的两个任务的解决方案可以取得令人印象深刻的结果,并优于当前最先进的方法。\textit{The code is available at \url{https://github.com/cswin/RLPA}}。
Structure-preserving Guided Retinal Image Filtering and Its Application for Optic Disc Analysis
Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院慈溪生物医学工程研究所);Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research(新加坡科技研究局资讯通信研究院);Shanghai University(上海大学)
Mask of truth: model sensitivity to unexpected regions of medical images
IT University of Copenhagen(丹麦哥本哈根技术大学);Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte(哥本哈根大学医院,赫尔勒夫和琴托夫);Radiological AI Testcenter(放射学AI测试中心);Department of Radiology, Zealand University Hospital(放射科, Zealand大学医院)
Joint shape learning and segmentation for medical images using a minimalistic deep network
Indian Institute of Technology Madras(印度理工学院马德拉斯分校);Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre(医疗技术创新中心);Indian Institute of Information Technology Design & Manufacturing Kancheepuram(金奈设计与制造印度理工学院);Zasti(Zasti公司)
Contrastive Domain Disentanglement for Generalizable Medical Image Segmentation
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China(电子科技大学);Shanghai AI Lab(上海人工智能实验室);ShanghaiTech University(上海科技大学);Shanghai Jiao Tong University(上海交通大学)
HCDG: A Hierarchical Consistency Framework for Domain Generalization on Medical Image Segmentation
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)(香港科技大学(广州));University of Cambridge(剑桥大学);The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(香港科技大学);The University of Hong Kong(香港大学)
CFEA: Collaborative Feature Ensembling Adaptation for Domain Adaptation in Unsupervised Optic Disc and Cup Segmentation
University of Florida(佛罗里达大学);UNC Charlotte(北卡罗来纳大学夏洛特分校);Xi’an Jiaotong University(西安交通大学);Sensetime Research(商汤科技研究院)
最近,深度神经网络在注释良好的数据集中表现出与董事会认证的眼科医生相当甚至更好的性能。然而,视网膜成像设备的多样性带来了一个重大挑战:域转移,这导致在将深度学习模型应用于新的测试域时性能下降。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的无监督域自适应框架,称为协作特征集成自适应(CFEA),以有效地克服这一挑战。我们提出的CFEA是一个交互式的范例,通过对抗学习和集成权重呈现出一种精致的协作适应。特别是,我们同时实现了域不变性,并保持了历史预测的指数移动平均值,这通过在训练期间集成权重来实现对未标记数据的更好预测。在不注释来自目标域的任何样本的情况下,编码器和解码器层中的多个对抗性损失引导域不变特征的提取,以混淆域分类器,同时有利于平滑权重的集成。综合实验结果表明,我们的CFEA模型可以克服性能下降,并优于国家的最先进的方法在分割视网膜视盘和杯眼底图像。\textit{Code is available at \url{https://github.com/cswin/AWC}}。
AutoMiSeg: Automatic Medical Image Segmentation via Test-Time Adaptation of Foundation Models
Carnegie Mellon University(卡内基梅隆大学);Brown University(布朗大学);National Institute of Technology Karnataka(印度卡纳塔克国家理工学院);University of Pittsburgh(匹兹堡大学);University of Alabama at Birmingham(阿拉巴马大学伯明翰分校)
CDDSA: Contrastive Domain Disentanglement and Style Augmentation for Generalizable Medical Image Segmentation
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China(电子科技大学);Shanghai AI Lab(上海人工智能实验室);Shanghai Jiao Tong University(上海交通大学);ShanghaiTech University(上海科技大学);Sensetime Research(商汤科技研究院);Sichuan University(四川大学);Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute(四川省肿瘤医院(四川省肿瘤研究所))
Luminosity-Adaptive Contrast Enhancement Using CLAHE for Retinal Fundus Images with Quantitative Validation and Comparative Analysis
Independent Researcher, Department of Information and Computer Engineering, Scottsdale, AZ, USA(独立研究者,信息与计算机工程系,斯科茨代尔,亚利桑那州,美国);Seidenberg School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Pace University, New York City, NY, USA(塞登堡计算机科学与信息系统学院,帕克大学,纽约市,纽约州,美国)