Circumstellar Interaction in the Ultraviolet Spectra of SN 2023ixf 14-66 Days After Explosion
K. Azalee Bostroem, David J. Sand, Luc Dessart, Nathan Smith, Saurabh W. Jha, Stefano Valenti, Jennifer E. Andrews, Yize Dong, Alexei V. Filippenko, Sebastian G… 展开作者
K. Azalee Bostroem, David J. Sand, Luc Dessart, Nathan Smith, Saurabh W. Jha, Stefano Valenti, Jennifer E. Andrews, Yize Dong, Alexei V. Filippenko, Sebastian Gomez, Daichi Hiramatsu, Emily T. Hoang, Griffin Hosseinzadeh, D. Andrew Howell, Jacob E. Jencson, Michael Lundquist, Curtis McCully, Darshana Mehta, Nicolas E. Meza Retamal, Jeniveve Pearson, Aravind P. Ravi, Manisha Shrestha, Samuel Wyatt
SN 2023ixf 在爆炸后一天内于 M101 中被发现,并迅速被分类为具有闪变特征的 II 型超新星。本文展示了用哈勃太空望远镜在爆炸后第 14、19、24 和 66 天获得的紫外(UV)光谱。在整个观测期间,前三个历元的光通量以及第 66 天的不对称 Mg II 发射中,均可见超新星抛射物与星周物质(CSM)之间的相互作用。我们将观测结果与包含 CSM 相互作用的 CMFGEN 超新星模型($\dot{M}<10^{-3}$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$)进行比较,发现 CSM 相互作用的功率随时间递减,从第 14 天的 $L_{\rm sh}\approx5\times10^{42}$ erg s$^{-1}$ 降至第 66 天的 $L_{\rm sh}\approx1\times10^{40}$ erg s$^{-1}$。我们检查了第 14 天和第 19 天光谱中个别原子物种的贡献,表明大多数特征由抛射物中铁、镍、镁和铬的吸收主导。SN 2023ixf 的紫外光谱能量分布介于未显示明确 CSM 相互作用迹象的超新星与具有持续 CSM 相互作用特征(假设相同的前身星半径和金属丰度)的超新星之间。最后,我们表明 Mg II $\lambda\lambda$ 2796, 2802 发射的演化和不对称形状并非 SN 2023ixf 所独有。这些观测补充了早期对致密、受限 CSM 相互作用的测量,将 SN 2023ixf 的质量损失历史追溯至爆炸前约 33 年,并将密度轮廓追踪至约 $5.7\times10^{15}$ cm 的半径。它们展示了从静止的红超巨星风到高质量损失的相对短暂的演化过程。
英文摘要:
SN 2023ixf was discovered in M101 within a day of explosion and rapidly classified as a Type II supernova with flash features. Here we present ultraviolet (UV) spectra obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope 14, 19, 24, and 66 days after explosion. Interaction between the supernova ejecta and circumstellar material (CSM) is seen in the UV throughout our observations in the flux of the first three epochs and asymmetric Mg II emission on day 66. We compare our observations to CMFGEN supernova models that include CSM interaction ($\dot{M}<10^{-3}$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$) and find that the power from CSM interaction is decreasing with time, from $L_{\rm sh}\approx5\times10^{42}$ erg s$^{-1}$ to $L_{\rm sh}\approx1\times10^{40}$ erg s$^{-1}$ between days 14 and 66. We examine the contribution of individual atomic species to the spectra on days 14 and 19, showing that the majority of the features are dominated by iron, nickel, magnesium, and chromium absorption in the ejecta. The UV spectral energy distribution of SN 2023ixf sits between that of supernovae which show no definitive signs of CSM interaction and those with persistent signatures assuming the same progenitor radius and metallicity. Finally, we show that the evolution and asymmetric shape of the Mg II $λλ$ 2796, 2802 emission are not unique to SN 2023ixf. These observations add to the early measurements of dense, confined CSM interaction, tracing the mass-loss history of SN 2023ixf to $\sim33$ yr prior to the explosion and the density profile to a radius of $\sim5.7\times10^{15}$ cm. They show the relatively short evolution from a quiescent red supergiant wind to high mass loss.
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研究双白矮星并合过程中 circumstellar 物质的形成及其对 Ia 型超新星早期过量辐射的影响。
Nebular Spectra of the Extremely Metal-Poor SN II 2023ufx Over a Year After Explosion: A Massive Progenitor and Unique Circumstellar Environment
Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics(宇宙学与暗物质粒子物理中心);Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University(俄亥俄州立大学天文学系);Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS-Sorbonne Université(巴黎天体物理学研究所,法国国家科学研究中心-索邦大学);French-Chilean Laboratory for Astronomy, IRL 3386, CNRS, Instituto de Astrofísica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile(法智利天文学联合实验室,法国国家科学研究中心,智利天主教Pontificia大学天体物理研究所)
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National Central University(国立中央大学);Henan Academy of Sciences(河南省科学院);University of Oxford(牛津大学);National Astronomical Observatory of Japan(日本国立天文台);SOKENDAI(综合研究大学院大学);Monash University(蒙纳士大学);Aarhus University(奥胡斯大学);Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics(马克斯·普朗克地外物理研究所);The Australian National University(澳大利亚国立大学)
Evidence for asymmetric distribution of circumstellar material around Type Ia Supernovae
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Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS-Sorbonne Université(巴黎天体物理研究所,CNRS-索邦大学);Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院卡希尔天体物理学中心)
Dust Production in a Thin Dense Shell in Supernovae with Early Circumstellar Interactions
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