arXiv 2408.012642024-08-02quant-phphysics.optics

悬浮纳米粒子的量子离域

Quantum Delocalization of a Levitated Nanoparticle

Massimiliano Rossi, Andrei Militaru, Nicola Carlon Zambon, Andreu Riera-Campeny, Oriol Romero-Isart, Martin Frimmer, Lukas Novotny

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AI总结：

本文通过将悬浮纳米球冷却至基态并调制约束势刚度，实现了相干长度超过零点运动且增加三倍以上的量子离域态，为宏观量子实验和量子增强力传感奠定基础。

摘要：

根据量子物理学，每个有质量的粒子都表现得像波。然而，这种特有的波动性仅在原子和分子等微观系统的双缝实验中被观察到。关键之处在于，描述这些系统运动的波函数在可与缝间距相比的距离上相干延展，远大于系统本身的尺寸。为更大质量、更复杂的物体制备这类状态仍然是一项突出的挑战。虽然固态振荡器的运动现在可以在单量子水平上被控制，但其相干长度仍与零点运动相当，被限制在亚原子距离内。在这里，我们制备了一个悬浮固态纳米球的离域态，其相干长度超过了零点运动。我们首先将其运动冷却到基态。然后，通过调制约束势的刚度，我们在仅引入极少额外噪声的情况下，使初始相干长度增加了三倍以上。光学悬浮为我们提供了其他机械平台所缺乏的对约束的必要控制。我们的工作是迈向产生与物体尺寸相当的离域尺度的垫脚石，这是宏观量子实验的关键区域，也是迈向利用悬浮粒子实现量子增强力传感的一步。

英文摘要：

Every massive particle behaves like a wave, according to quantum physics. Yet, this characteristic wave nature has only been observed in double-slit experiments with microscopic systems, such as atoms and molecules. The key aspect is that the wavefunction describing the motion of these systems extends coherently over a distance comparable to the slit separation, much larger than the size of the system itself. Preparing these states of more massive and complex objects remains an outstanding challenge. While the motion of solid-state oscillators can now be controlled at the level of single quanta, their coherence length remains comparable to the zero-point motion, limited to subatomic distances. Here, we prepare a delocalized state of a levitating solid-state nanosphere with coherence length exceeding the zero-point motion. We first cool its motion to the ground state. Then, by modulating the stiffness of the confinement potential, we achieve more than a threefold increment of the initial coherence length with minimal added noise. Optical levitation gives us the necessary control over the confinement that other mechanical platforms lack. Our work is a stepping stone towards the generation of delocalization scales comparable to the object size, a crucial regime for macroscopic quantum experiments, and towards quantum-enhanced force sensing with levitated particles.

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