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arXiv 2407.08653astro-ph.SRastro-ph.GA
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北冕座R型星的红外观测普查 II——光谱分类及其对低质量白矮星并合率的启示

An infrared census of R Coronae Borealis Stars II -- Spectroscopic classifications and implications for the rate of low-mass white dwarf mergers

Viraj R. Karambelkar, Mansi M. Kasliwal, Patrick Tisserand, Shreya Anand, Michael C. B. Ashley, Lars Bildsten, Geoffrey C. Clayton, Courtney C. Crawford, Kishal… 展开作者

Viraj R. Karambelkar, Mansi M. Kasliwal, Patrick Tisserand, Shreya Anand, Michael C. B. Ashley, Lars Bildsten, Geoffrey C. Clayton, Courtney C. Crawford, Kishalay De, Nicholas Earley, Matthew J. Hankins, Xander Hall, Astrid Lamberts, Ryan M. Lau, Dan McKenna, Anna Moore, Eran O. Ofek, Roger M. Smith, Roberto Soria, Jamie Soon, Tony Travouillon

AI总结:

本研究利用PGIR红外巡天开展银河系RCB星普查,通过光谱分类确认53颗RCB星,推算其总数与形成率,验证白矮星并合起源假说,并发现多颗DY Per型星候选体。

摘要:

我们利用帕洛玛Gattini红外(PGIR)巡天的数据,展示了对银河系内北冕座R型(RCB)星的系统性红外(IR)普查结果。北冕座R型星是一类存在尘埃、光变无规律的变星,据推测由氦核白矮星(WD)与碳氧核白矮星并合形成。PGIR是一台口径30厘米的J波段望远镜,配备视场25平方度的相机,以2天的观测频次巡测北天18000平方度(赤纬δ>-28°)的天区。\n我们结合约6000万颗恒星的PGIR J波段光变曲线,以及WISE(广域红外巡天探测器)的中红外色指数,筛选出包含530颗RCB星候选体的样本。我们获取了这些候选体的近红外光谱,最终在样本中识别出53颗RCB星。考虑到我们的选择标准,推算银河系内总计约有350^{+150}_{-100}颗RCB星。结合典型的RCB星寿命,这对应的RCB星形成率为0.8-5×10^{-3}年^{-1},与氦核-碳氧核白矮星并合率的观测及理论估计值一致。\n我们在RCB星的PGIR光变曲线中搜寻准周期脉动,给出了16颗RCB星的脉动周期。我们还分析了RCB星,以及化学性质相似但无尘埃的贫氢碳星(dLHdC)的高时间分辨率TESS(凌日系外行星巡天卫星)光变曲线。我们发现dLHdC星的光变时标短于RCB星,表明它们的质量可能低于RCB星。最后,我们识别出3颗经光谱确认的银河系DY Per型新天体,以及12颗候选体——这类天体被认为是温度更低的RCB星同类天体,使银河系DY Per型星的样本量翻倍。

英文摘要:

We present results from a systematic infrared (IR) census of R Coronae Borealis (RCB) stars in the Milky Way, using data from the Palomar Gattini IR (PGIR) survey. R Coronae Borealis stars are dusty, erratic variable stars presumably formed from the merger of a He-core and a CO-core white dwarf (WD). PGIR is a 30 cm $J$-band telescope with a 25 deg$^{2}$ camera that surveys 18000 deg$^{2}$ of the northern sky ($δ>-28^{o}$) at a cadence of 2 days. Using PGIR J-band lightcurves for $\sim$60 million stars together with mid-IR colors from WISE, we selected a sample of 530 candidate RCB stars. We obtained near-IR spectra for these candidates and identified 53 RCB stars in our sample. Accounting for our selection criteria, we find that there are a total of $\approx350^{+150}_{-100}$ RCB stars in the Milky Way. Assuming typical RCB lifetimes, this corresponds to an RCB formation rate of 0.8 - 5 $\times$ 10$^{-3}$ yr$^{-1}$, consistent with observational and theoretical estimates of the He-CO WD merger rate. We searched for quasi-periodic pulsations in the PGIR lightcurves of RCB stars and present pulsation periods for 16 RCB stars. We also examined high-cadenced TESS lightcurves for RCB and the chemically similar, but dustless hydrogen-deficient carbon (dLHdC) stars. We find that dLHdC stars show variations on timescales shorter than RCB stars, suggesting that they may have lower masses than RCB stars. Finally, we identified 3 new spectroscopically confirmed and 12 candidate Galactic DY Per type stars - believed to be colder cousins of RCB stars - doubling the sample of Galactic DY Per type stars.

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