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arXiv 2407.06263hep-thastro-ph.COcond-mat.stat-mechhep-ph
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热假真空衰变远比它看起来的更复杂

Thermal False Vacuum Decay Is More Than It Seems

Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics;University of Waterloo(滑铁卢大学);McMaster University(麦克马斯特大学)

Dalila Pîrvu, Andrey Shkerin, Sergey Sibiryakov

AI总结:

研究热激发的亚稳真空衰变,发现中等温度下衰变率低于传统热理论预测,原因在于临界气泡成核过程中热平衡被破坏,但低温下平衡破坏对衰变率影响减弱。

摘要:

我们利用实时数值模拟研究经典场论中热激发亚稳真空的衰变。我们发现,在中等温度($E_b/T\sim 10$)下,衰变率显著低于传统热理论的预测,其中$E_b$是临界气泡能量。这种差异是由于临界气泡成核过程中热平衡的破坏所致,如果通过引入耗散和热噪声增强热化,则该差异会减小。我们提出了一个条件,以确保系统在成核过程中保持平衡,并证明在弱耦合场理论中该条件通常被违反。然而,我们论证在足够低温下,热平衡的破坏对假真空衰变率变得无关紧要,传统热速率得以恢复。

英文摘要:

We study the decay of a thermally excited metastable vacuum in classical field theory using real-time numerical simulations. We find a significantly lower decay rate than predicted by standard thermal theory at moderate temperatures, $E_b/T\sim 10$, where $E_b$ is the critical bubble energy. The discrepancy is due to the violation of thermal equilibrium during the critical bubble nucleation and is reduced if thermalization is enhanced by introduction of dissipation and thermal noise. We formulate a condition for the system to remain in equilibrium during the nucleation process and show that it is generally violated in weakly coupled field theories. Nevertheless, we argue that the violation of thermal equilibrium becomes irrelevant for the false vacuum decay rate at sufficiently low temperatures and the standard thermal rate is recovered.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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