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arXiv 2407.04847math.SPmath.CA
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Sturm–Liouville 算子更精细的极限圆/极限点分类

Finer limit circle/limit point classification for Sturm-Liouville operators

Mateusz Piorkowski, Jonathan Stanfill

AI总结:

本文提出正则化指标以细化非振荡 Sturm–Liouville 算子端点的极限圆/极限点分类,给出其与迭代 Darboux 变换的联系、扰动稳定性及多类算子示例。

摘要:

本文引入一个指标 $\ell_c \in \mathbb{N}_0 \cup \lbrace \infty \rbrace$,称之为与具有迹类预解式的非振荡 Sturm–Liouville 微分表达式的端点 $c\in\{a,b\}$ 相关联的“正则化指标”。这一概念推广了极限圆/极限点二分法:在某一端点处 $\ell_c=0$ 当且仅当该表达式处于极限圆情形。在极限点情形下 $\ell_c>0$,文中借助迭代 Darboux 变换给出了自然解释。我们还证明了指标 $\ell_c$ 在一类适当扰动下的稳定性,将此前关于球形 Schrödinger 算子扰动的工作推广到一般的三系数 Sturm–Liouville 算子情形。我们通过一系列示例说明所得结果,包括广义 Bessel 算子、Jacobi 微分算子,以及半直线上带幂势的 Schrödinger 算子。

英文摘要:

In this paper we introduce an index $\ell_c \in \mathbb{N}_0 \cup \lbrace \infty \rbrace$ which we call the `regularization index' associated to the endpoints, $c\in\{a,b\}$, of nonoscillatory Sturm-Liouville differential expressions with trace class resolvents. This notion extends the limit circle/limit point dichotomy in the sense that $\ell_c~=~0$ at some endpoint if and only if the expression is in the limit circle case. In the limit point case $\ell_c>0$, a natural interpretation in terms of iterated Darboux transforms is provided. We also show stability of the index $\ell_c$ for a suitable class of perturbations, extending earlier work on perturbations of spherical Schrödinger operators to the case of general three-coefficient Sturm-Liouville operators. We demonstrate our results by considering a variety of examples including generalized Bessel operators, Jacobi differential operators, and Schrödinger operators on the half-line with power potentials.

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