The task of experimentally investigating the inherently dual properties of a supersolid, a simultaneous superfluid and solid, has become more critical following the recent experimental exploration of supersolid regimes in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) of $^{164}\text{Dy}$. We introduce a supersolid order parameter that uses vortex-vortex trajectory correlations to simultaneously reveal the periodic density of the underlying solid and superfluidity in a single measure. We propose experiments using existing technology to optically create and image trajectories of vortex dipoles in dipolar BECs that is applicable to large system sizes. We numerically test our observable and find that vortex-vortex correlations reveal the supersolid lattice structure while distinguishing it from superfluidity even in the presence of dissipation. Our method sets the stage for experiments to use vortex trajectory correlations to investigate fundamental properties of supersolids arising from their dynamics and phase transitions as experimental system sizes are increased.
Vortex dynamics in rotating dipolar supersolids across Josephson and self-trapping regimes
University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU（巴斯克大学）；IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science（伊卡巴斯基奎巴斯克科学基金会）；Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales（布宜诺斯艾利斯大学理学院）；CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA)（阿根廷国家科学研究委员会-布宜诺斯艾利斯大学布宜诺斯艾利斯物理研究所）
Phase-induced vortex pinning in rotating supersolid dipolar systems
University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU（巴斯克联邦大学）；IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science（伊卡巴斯基奎基金会）；Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales（布宜诺斯艾利斯大学理学院）；CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Física de Buenos Baires (IFIBA)（阿根廷国家科学研究委员会-布宜诺斯艾利斯大学，布宜诺斯艾利斯物理研究所）
Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck（因斯布鲁克大学实验物理研究所）；Pitaevskii BEC Center, CNR-INO and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento（特伦托大学物理系与CNR-INO皮塔耶夫斯基玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中心）；INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso（意大利国家核物理研究所大萨索国家实验室）；Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften（奥地利科学院量子光学与量子信息研究所）
