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arXiv 2005.05718cond-mat.quant-gas
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偶极超固体玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚气体中的量子化涡旋

Quantized vortices in dipolar supersolid Bose-Einstein condensed gases

A. Gallemì, S. M. Roccuzzo, S. Stringari, A. Recati

摘要:

利用广义Gross-Pitaevskii方程研究了偶极玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚气体中量子化涡旋的性质。通过增加偶极相互作用的重量和接近超固相的转变,涡核的尺寸大大增加。在超固体中,由于液滴间区域密度的减小,能量稳定涡旋存在的临界角速度减小。与涡线相关的每个粒子的角动量被证明是小于$\hbar$,反映了全球超流性的减少。在一个旋转的陷阱中的实时涡旋成核被示出为触发,作为一个标准的冷凝物,通过软化的四极模式。对于大的角速度,当涡旋之间的距离变得与液滴间的距离相当时,涡旋被布置成蜂窝结构,其与超固体晶格的三角形几何形状共存,并且在原子云的自由膨胀期间持续存在。

英文摘要:

We investigate the properties of quantized vortices in a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensed gas by means of a generalised Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The size of the vortex core hugely increases by increasing the weight of the dipolar interaction and approaching the transition to the supersolid phase. The critical angular velocity for the existence of an energetically stable vortex decreases in the supersolid, due to the reduced value of the density in the interdroplet region. The angular momentum per particle associated with the vortex line is shown to be smaller than $\hbar$, reflecting the reduction of the global superfluidity. The real-time vortex nucleation in a rotating trap is shown to be triggered, as for a standard condensate, by the softening of the quadrupole mode. For large angular velocities, when the distance between vortices becomes comparable to the interdroplet distance, the vortices are arranged into a honeycomb structure, which coexists with the triangular geometry of the supersolid lattice and persists during the free expansion of the atomic cloud.

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