偶极超固体的诞生、生命和死亡
Birth, life, and death of a dipolar supersolid
摘要：
自首次观察到超冷偶极原子的超固态以来，在理解这些系统的零温相图和低能激发方面取得了实质性进展。然而，人们对它们的有限温度性质知之甚少，特别是与通过直接蒸发冷却形成的超固体有关。在这里，我们探索这一领域的特点蒸发形成和随后的衰减偶极超固体相结合的高分辨率的陷阱成像与飞行时间的观测。当我们的原子系统冷却到量子简并时，它首先经历了从热气体到晶体状态的转变，并出现周期性的密度调制。这是其次是过渡到超固态的出现远程相位相干。此外，我们探讨了温度的调制状态的发展中的作用。
英文摘要：
In the short time since the first observation of supersolid states of ultracold dipolar atoms, substantial progress has been made in understanding the zero-temperature phase diagram and low-energy excitations of these systems. Less is known, however, about their finite-temperature properties, particularly relevant for supersolids formed by cooling through direct evaporation. Here, we explore this realm by characterizing the evaporative formation and subsequent decay of a dipolar supersolid by combining high-resolution in-trap imaging with time-of-flight observables. As our atomic system cools towards quantum degeneracy, it first undergoes a transition from thermal gas to a crystalline state with the appearance of periodic density modulation. This is followed by a transition to a supersolid state with the emergence of long-range phase coherence. Further, we explore the role of temperature in the development of the modulated state.
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