Geophysical Observations of the 24 September 2023 OSIRIS-REx Sample Return Capsule Re-Entry
Elizabeth A. Silber, Daniel C. Bowman, Chris G. Carr, David P. Eisenberg, Brian R. Elbing, Benjamin Fernando, Milton A. Garcés, Robert Haaser, Siddharth Krishna… 展开作者
Elizabeth A. Silber, Daniel C. Bowman, Chris G. Carr, David P. Eisenberg, Brian R. Elbing, Benjamin Fernando, Milton A. Garcés, Robert Haaser, Siddharth Krishnamoorthy, Charles A. Langston, Yasuhiro Nishikawa, Jeremy Webster, Jacob F. Anderson, Stephen Arrowsmith, Sonia Bazargan, Luke Beardslee, Brant Beck, Jordan W. Bishop, Philip Blom, Grant Bracht, David L. Chichester, Anthony Christe, Jacob Clarke, Kenneth Cummins, James Cutts, Lisa Danielson, Carly Donahue, Kenneth Eack, Michael Fleigle, Douglas Fox, Ashish Goel, David Green, Yuta Hasumi, Chris Hayward, Dan Hicks, Jay Hix, Stephen Horton, Emalee Hough, David P. Huber, Madeline A. Hunt, Jennifer Inman, S. M. Ariful Islam, Jacob Izraelevitz, Jamey D. Jacob, James Johnson, Real J. KC, Attila Komjathy, Eric Lam, Justin LaPierre, Kevin Lewis, Richard D. Lewis, Patrick Liu, Léo Martire, Meaghan McCleary, Elisa A. McGhee, Ipsita Mitra, Amitabh Nag, Luis Ocampo Giraldo, Karen Pearson, Mathieu Plaisir, Sarah K. Popenhagen, Hamid Rassoul, Miro Ronac Giannone, Mirza Samnani, Nicholas Schmerr, Kate Spillman, Girish Srinivas, Samuel K. Takazawa, Alex Tempert, Reagan Turley, Cory Van Beek, Loïc Viens, Owen A. Walsh, Nathan Weinstein, Robert White, Brian Williams, Trevor C. Wilson, Shirin Wyckoff, Masa-yuki Yamamoto, Zachary Yap, Tyler Yoshiyama, Cleat Zeiler
Sample Return Capsules (SRCs) entering Earth's atmosphere at hypervelocity from interplanetary space are a valuable resource for studying meteor phenomena. The 24 September 2023 arrival of the OSIRIS-REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer) SRC provided an unprecedented chance for geophysical observations of a well-characterized source with known parameters, including timing and trajectory. A collaborative effort involving researchers from 16 institutions executed a carefully planned geophysical observational campaign at strategically chosen locations, deploying over 400 ground-based sensors encompassing infrasound, seismic, distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), and GPS technologies. Additionally, balloons equipped with infrasound sensors were launched to capture signals at higher altitudes. This campaign (the largest of its kind so far) yielded a wealth of invaluable data anticipated to fuel scientific inquiry for years to come. The success of the observational campaign is evidenced by the near-universal detection of signals across instruments, both proximal and distal. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the collective scientific effort, field deployment, and preliminary findings. The early findings have the potential to inform future space missions and terrestrial campaigns, contributing to our understanding of meteoroid interactions with planetary atmospheres. Furthermore, the dataset collected during this campaign will improve entry and propagation models as well as augment the study of atmospheric dynamics and shock phenomena generated by meteoroids and similar sources.
OSIRIS-REx: Sample Return from Asteroid (101955) Bennu
2011年5月，美国宇航局选择了起源、光谱解释、资源识别和安全-风化层探测器（OSIRIS-REx）小行星样本返回任务作为新前沿计划的第三个任务。另外两个新前沿任务是新视野号，它在2015年7月的一次飞越中探索了冥王星，并将于2019年1月1日飞越柯伊伯带物体2014 MU 69，以及朱诺号，这是一个正在研究木星起源，演化和内部结构的轨道任务。该航天器于2016年9月8日美国东部时间下午7点05分乘坐联合发射联盟Atlas V 411进化型一次性运载火箭前往近地小行星（101955）Bennu，进行了为期七年的旅程，从Bennu返回样本。该航天器处于一个向外巡航的轨道上，将于2018年8月与Bennu会合。航天器上的科学仪器将对Bennu进行调查，测量其物理，地质和化学特性，研究小组将利用这些数据在表面选择一个地点，收集至少60克的小行星风化层。该小组还将分析遥感数据，对样本地点进行详细研究，评估Bennus资源潜力，改进其与地球撞击概率的估计，并为在这颗小行星上收集的大量天文数据集提供地面实况数据。该航天器将于2021年离开Bennu，并于2023年9月24日将样本返回犹他州测试和训练靶场（UTTR）。
Unusual polarimetric properties of (101955) Bennu: similarities with F-class asteroids and cometary bodies
我们已经获得了小行星（101955）Bennu，大概是一个原始的近地天体（NEO），是美国宇航局的样本返回任务OSIRIS-REx的目标偏振测量。在我们的观测活动中，Bennu在各种照明条件下都可以从地球上看到，相位角在16到57度之间。Bennu与最近观测到的（3200）Phaethon和（152679）1998 KU 2一起，是在相位角间隔很宽的情况下以偏振方式观测到的原始近地天体的唯一实例。根据我们的偏振数据，我们建议，Bennu属于不寻常的F分类在80年代定义的类。根据之前的工作，F类包括具有彗星特征的物体。这一事实对于解释OSIRIS-REx探测该天体的结果非常重要。从偏振测量，我们还得到了Bennu的几何常数的估计：0.059 +/- 0.003。
Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency（宇宙科学研究所）；Rowan University（罗文大学）；Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学）；Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, American Museum of Natural History（美国自然历史博物馆）；The University of Tokyo（东京大学）
Enabling tomorrow's planetary defence and space resource economy: Autonomous fleet-based asteroid rendezvous missions
University of Liverpool（利物浦大学）；NASA（美国国家航空航天局）；Colorado Center for Astrodynamics, University of Colorado（科罗拉多大学轨道动力学中心）；Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), JAXA（宇宙科学研究所 (ISAS)，日本宇宙航空研究开发机构）
