OSIRIS-REx 返回了贝努小行星的原始样本：任务污染控制与知识计划的启示
OSIRIS-REx Returned a Pristine Sample of Asteroid Bennu: Takeaways from the Mission's Contamination Control and Knowledge Program
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中文总结 AI 辅助
OSIRIS-REx 任务确认贝努样本基本原始，仅 1.24% 受污染，通过系统污染控制与知识计划，识别了固有矿物，防止误弃数据，为未来任务提供经验。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
NASA 的 OSIRIS-REx 任务的目标是将小行星 (101955) 贝努的原始样本送回地球进行科学分析，其中“原始”意指不存在可能影响样本测量的外来物质。OSIRIS-REx 于 2023 年 9 月返回了 121.6 克的表岩屑；本研究记录了任务样本分析阶段中遇到的可疑污染物的系统性调查。大多数可疑污染物并非源自航天器或样本管理过程。有些是在实验室分析过程中引入的，这强调了程序空白对照的重要性，以及在具有不同分析目标的实验室之间共享样本的战略性方法的必要性。若干可疑污染物，如磷酸盐和氟化钠颗粒，最终被确定为贝努固有的，凸显了污染知识在防止有价值科学数据被误弃方面的关键作用。我们发现返回的样本符合原始的定义，除了孤立的 1.24%（按质量计）逸出样本容器并因此被航天器颗粒污染的部分。这些发现证明了系统性应用的污染科学与工程实践的有效性，并为未来行星样本返回任务提供了经验和方法，以帮助最大化其科学完整性。
英文摘要
NASA's OSIRIS-REx mission had the objective of delivering a pristine sample from asteroid (101955) Bennu to Earth for scientific analysis--where "pristine" signifies the absence of foreign materials that could affect sample measurements. OSIRIS-REx returned 121.6 g of regolith in September 2023; this study documents the systematic investigation of suspected contaminants encountered during the mission's sample analysis phase. Most suspected contaminants did not originate from the spacecraft or sample curation. Some were introduced during laboratory analyses, reinforcing the importance of procedural blanks and a strategic approach to sharing samples across laboratories with different analytical targets. Several suspected contaminants, such as phosphate and sodium fluoride particles, were ultimately identified as indigenous to Bennu, highlighting the critical role of contamination knowledge in preventing the dismissal of valuable scientific data. We find that the returned sample meets the definition of pristine, except for an isolated 1.24% (by mass) that escaped the sample container and was thereby contaminated with spacecraft particulates. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of systematically applied contamination science and engineering practices and provide lessons and approaches to help maximize the scientific integrity of future planetary sample return missions.
