本文分析文化遗产的3D模型，旨在回答三个主要问题：可以采取哪些流程来为临时展览创建一个FAIR-by-design（设计即符合FAIR原则）的数字孪生？在文化遗产研究中将FAIR原则应用于3D数据的主要挑战是什么，从数据管理角度来看，它们与其他类型的数据（例如图像）有何不同？我们首先进行了全面的文献综述，涉及：应用于文化遗产数据的FAIR原则；表示模型；Object Provenance Information (OPI) 和 Metadata Record Provenance Information (MRPI)，前者指对象的详细历史和起源，后者指描述主要对象（无论是物理还是数字的）的元数据本身的详细历史和起源；3D模型作为文化遗产研究数据及其创建、选择、发布、归档和保存。然后，我们描述了创建Aldrovandi Digital Twin的过程，通过收集、存储和建模有关文化遗产对象和流程的数据。我们详细介绍了从获取Digital Cultural Heritage Objects (DCHO)到将优化后的DCHO上传到基于Web的框架（ATON）的诸多步骤，重点关注用于互操作性和保存的开放技术和标准。使用《文化遗产图书馆、档案馆和博物馆藏品的FAIR原则》[1]作为框架，我们详细考察了Digital Twin如何在对象和元数据层面实施FAIR原则。随后，我们描述了遇到的主要挑战，并总结了3D文化遗产数据的特殊性以及该领域进一步研究的可能方向。
英文摘要：
In this article we analyse 3D models of cultural heritage with the aim of answering three main questions: what processes can be put in place to create a FAIR-by-design digital twin of a temporary exhibition? What are the main challenges in applying FAIR principles to 3D data in cultural heritage studies and how are they different from other types of data (e.g. images) from a data management perspective? We begin with a comprehensive literature review touching on: FAIR principles applied to cultural heritage data; representation models; both Object Provenance Information (OPI) and Metadata Record Provenance Information (MRPI), respectively meant as, on the one hand, the detailed history and origin of an object, and - on the other hand - the detailed history and origin of the metadata itself, which describes the primary object (whether physical or digital); 3D models as cultural heritage research data and their creation, selection, publication, archival and preservation. We then describe the process of creating the Aldrovandi Digital Twin, by collecting, storing and modelling data about cultural heritage objects and processes. We detail the many steps from the acquisition of the Digital Cultural Heritage Objects (DCHO), through to the upload of the optimised DCHO onto a web-based framework (ATON), with a focus on open technologies and standards for interoperability and preservation. Using the FAIR Principles for Heritage Library, Archive and Museum Collections [1] as a framework, we look in detail at how the Digital Twin implements FAIR principles at the object and metadata level. We then describe the main challenges we encountered and we summarise what seem to be the peculiarities of 3D cultural heritage data and the possible directions for further research in this field.
Saving temporary exhibitions in virtual environments: the Digital Renaissance of Ulisse Aldrovandi -- acquisition and digitisation of cultural heritage objects
The "Collections as ML Data" Checklist for Machine Learning & Cultural Heritage
University of Washington（华盛顿大学）
在文化遗产部门，在将机器学习技术应用于数字收藏时，越来越多地协同努力考虑关键的社会技术视角。虽然文化遗产界已经集体开发了一套新的工作，详细说明了图书馆和其他文化遗产机构在组织层面上负责机器学习的操作，但仍然缺乏专门为从事机器学习项目的从业人员制定的指导方针。将机器学习应用于文化遗产所涉及的多方面利害关系和敏感性强调了制定此类指南的重要性。本文通过制定一个详细的清单，指导问题和做法，可以采用，而开发一个机器学习项目，利用文化遗产数据，有助于这一需要。我将生成的检查表称为“Collections as ML Data”检查表，完成后，可以与项目的可交付成果一起发布。通过调查现有的项目，包括我自己的项目Newspaper Navigator，我证明了“收集ML数据”清单的合理性，并展示了如何使用和操作制定的指导问题。
Rich Interoperable Metadata for Cultural Heritage Projects at Jagiellonian University
Department of Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, Institute of Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science（人类中心人工智能系、应用计算机科学研究所、物理、天文学与应用计算机科学学院）；Lukasiewicz Research Network -- Institute of Innovative Technologies EMAG（卢卡西维茨研究网络——创新技术EMAG研究所）
Cloud-based digitization workflow with rich metadata acquisition for cultural heritage objects
Department of Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, Institute of Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University（以人为本的人工智能系、应用计算机科学研究所、物理、天文学和应用计算机科学学院，雅盖隆大学）；Faculty of Humanities, AGH University of Krakow（人文学院，克拉科夫AGH大学）
From Queries to Narratives: Cultural Heritage Data Stories for Knowledge Graph Exploration and Quality Assessment
FIZ Karlsruhe – Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure（FIZ卡尔斯鲁厄–莱布尼茨信息基础设施研究所）；Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB) of KIT（卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院应用信息学与形式描述方法研究所）；Academy of Sciences and Literature Mainz（美因茨科学与文学院）
Augmenting Italian Cultural Heritage with Virtual and Digital Technologies: the final outcomes of Project CHANGES' Spoke 4
University of Bologna（博洛尼亚大学）；University of Suor Orsola Benincasa（苏奥尔索拉贝宁卡萨大学）；University of Turin（都灵大学）；National Research Council（国家研究委员会）；Robin Studio（罗宾工作室）
Digital hybridity and relics in cultural heritage: using corpus linguistics to inform design in emerging technologies from AI to VR
School of English, University of Nottingham（诺丁汉大学英语学院）；School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham（诺丁汉大学计算机科学学院）；Department of Modern Languages, Aberystwyth University（阿伯里斯特威斯大学现代语言系）
