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arXiv 2407.01698math.NAcs.NAstat.ML
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使用核分数进行列与行子集选择:面向 Nyström 逼近、CUR 分解和图 Laplacian 约简的算法与理论

Column and row subset selection using nuclear scores: algorithms and theory for Nyström approximation, CUR decomposition, and graph Laplacian reduction

Mark Fornace, Michael Lindsey

AI总结:

本文提出基于核分数的确定性与无矩阵列/行子集选择方法,为 Nyström 逼近、CUR 分解及图 Laplacian 约简提供理论保证和实证优势。

摘要:

列选择是保持结构的低秩逼近的重要工具,在数据科学、机器学习和理论化学等众多领域具有广泛应用。本文开发了用于快速、高效且具有理论保证的列选择的统一方法。首先,我们推导并实现了一种利用稀疏性的确定性算法,适用于核逼近和 CUR 分解等任务。随后,我们建立了一种无矩阵形式体系,其依赖满足可保证集中界的随机化方案,并将该构造同时应用于 CUR 分解以及图 Laplacian 矩阵函数的逼近。重要的是,随机化只与我们用于列选择的分数计算有关,而与给定这些分数后的选择本身无关。对于确定性算法和无矩阵算法,我们都给出了性能界,其结果相对于行列式点过程(DPP)采样的期望性能具有优势,在部分情形下也相对于精确最优子集选择具有优势。一般情形需要对 DPP 期望进行新的分析。最后,我们在一组多样的示例逼近任务上证明了算法在真实世界中的优异性能。

英文摘要:

Column selection is an essential tool for structure-preserving low-rank approximation, with wide-ranging applications across many fields, such as data science, machine learning, and theoretical chemistry. In this work, we develop unified methodologies for fast, efficient, and theoretically guaranteed column selection. First we derive and implement a sparsity-exploiting deterministic algorithm applicable to tasks including kernel approximation and CUR decomposition. Next, we develop a matrix-free formalism relying on a randomization scheme satisfying guaranteed concentration bounds, applying this construction both to CUR decomposition and to the approximation of matrix functions of graph Laplacians. Importantly, the randomization is only relevant for the computation of the scores that we use for column selection, not the selection itself given these scores. For both deterministic and matrix-free algorithms, we bound the performance favorably relative to the expected performance of determinantal point process (DPP) sampling and, in select scenarios, that of exactly optimal subset selection. The general case requires new analysis of the DPP expectation. Finally, we demonstrate strong real-world performance of our algorithms on a diverse set of example approximation tasks.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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