经颅超声刺激中参数与效应之间的关系
The relationship between parameters and effects in transcranial ultrasonic stimulation
AI总结：
该综述系统梳理可调TUS参数与体外、体内神经调控效应的关系，指出低频、较高强度压力及较长脉冲更有效，并强调跨模型转化与数据解释的挑战。
摘要：
经颅超声刺激（TUS）作为非侵入性人类神经调控手段正迅速受到关注，目前迫切需要建立能够最大化神经调控功效的方案。在这篇综述中，我们汇总并考察了关于可调TUS参数与体外及体内结果之间关系的经验证据。基于这种多尺度方法，TUS研究人员能够就最佳参数设置作出更有依据的决策。重要的是，我们还讨论了将既往经验研究结果外推至未来干预时涉及的挑战，包括方案在不同模型之间的转化，以及TUS方案与大脑之间的复杂相互作用。对经验证据的综合表明，在亚MHz范围内采用较低频率、采用高于迄今通常施用水平的强度和压力，以及采用更长的脉冲和脉冲序列持续时间，将观察到更大的效应。尽管如此，我们强调，在我们朝着用于人类神经调控的精细化TUS参数推进、并依据既往工作制定方案时，需要谨慎解释来自不同实验范式的经验数据。
英文摘要：
Transcranial ultrasonic stimulation (TUS) is rapidly gaining traction for non-invasive human neuromodulation, with a pressing need to establish protocols that maximise neuromodulatory efficacy. In this review, we aggregate and examine empirical evidence for the relationship between tunable TUS parameters and in vitro and in vivo outcomes. Based on this multiscale approach, TUS researchers can make better informed decisions about optimal parameter settings. Importantly, we also discuss the challenges involved in extrapolating results from prior empirical work to future interventions, including the translation of protocols between models and the complex interaction between TUS protocols and the brain. A synthesis of the empirical evidence suggests that larger effects will be observed at lower frequencies within the sub-MHz range, higher intensities and pressures than commonly administered thus far, and longer pulses and pulse train durations. Nevertheless, we emphasise the need for cautious interpretation of empirical data from different experimental paradigms when basing protocols on prior work as we advance towards refined TUS parameters for human neuromodulation.
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