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arXiv 2405.04420cs.CR
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高效证明系统区块链中的全自动自私挖矿分析

Fully Automated Selfish Mining Analysis in Efficient Proof Systems Blockchains

Krishnendu Chatterjee, Amirali Ebrahimzadeh, Mehrdad Karrabi, Krzysztof Pietrzak, Michelle Yeo, Đorđe Žikelić

AI总结:

针对采用权益证明或空间证明的类比特币最长链区块链,论文将最优自私挖矿建模为 MDP,并提出可给出 ε-紧收益下界和对应策略的全自动形式化分析方法。

摘要:

我们研究了比特币等最长链区块链中的自私挖矿攻击,但其中工作量证明被高效证明系统(如权益证明或空间证明)所取代;我们考虑计算最优自私挖矿攻击的问题,该攻击最大化攻击者的期望相对收益,从而最小化链质量。为此,我们提出一种旨在最大化该目标的新型自私挖矿攻击,并将该攻击形式化建模为 Markov decision process(MDP,马尔可夫决策过程)。随后,我们给出一套形式化分析流程,用于计算 MDP 中最优期望相对收益的 ε-紧下界,以及达到该 ε-紧下界的策略,其中 ε>0 可以是任意指定精度。我们的分析是全自动的,并对正确性提供形式化保证。我们评估了所提出的自私挖矿攻击,观察到与所考虑的两个基线相比,它实现了更优的期望相对收益。在并行工作 [Sarenche FC'24] 中,作者对基于高效证明系统的可预测最长链区块链中的自私挖矿进行了自动化分析。可预测是指挑战所用的随机性在许多区块内保持固定(例如 Ouroboros 中的用法),而我们考虑的是不可预测的(类比特币)链,其中挑战由前一个区块派生。

英文摘要:

We study selfish mining attacks in longest-chain blockchains like Bitcoin, but where the proof of work is replaced with efficient proof systems -- like proofs of stake or proofs of space -- and consider the problem of computing an optimal selfish mining attack which maximizes expected relative revenue of the adversary, thus minimizing the chain quality. To this end, we propose a novel selfish mining attack that aims to maximize this objective and formally model the attack as a Markov decision process (MDP). We then present a formal analysis procedure which computes an $ε$-tight lower bound on the optimal expected relative revenue in the MDP and a strategy that achieves this $ε$-tight lower bound, where $ε>0$ may be any specified precision. Our analysis is fully automated and provides formal guarantees on the correctness. We evaluate our selfish mining attack and observe that it achieves superior expected relative revenue compared to two considered baselines. In concurrent work [Sarenche FC'24] does an automated analysis on selfish mining in predictable longest-chain blockchains based on efficient proof systems. Predictable means the randomness for the challenges is fixed for many blocks (as used e.g., in Ouroboros), while we consider unpredictable (Bitcoin-like) chains where the challenge is derived from the previous block.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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