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arXiv 2404.07186gr-qcastro-ph.COastro-ph.HE
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引力波的波动光学透镜效应:LISA频段三体系统的理论与现象学

Wave optics lensing of gravitational waves: theory and phenomenology of triple systems in the LISA band

Martin Pijnenburg, Giulia Cusin, Cyril Pitrou, Jean-Philippe Uzan

AI总结:

本文研究深波动光学区域中黑洞对LISA频段引力波的透镜效应,分析三体系统中的偏振、螺旋度破坏与干涉调制,并指出高SNR系统中的可探测性。

摘要:

我们研究了深波动光学区域中黑洞对引力波的透镜效应,即波长远大于黑洞史瓦西半径的情形。我们将其应用于三体系统:由恒星级质量天体组成、处于旋近阶段的双星围绕一个中心大质量黑洞运行。我们描述了波的完整偏振结构,并推导出观测者所测散射波偏振模式的预测。我们表明,与几何光学区域中的透镜效应不同,波动光学区域中的透镜效应不保持螺旋度。由于直接透射分量与透镜分量之间的干涉,总波的振幅受到调制。调制的相对振幅由透镜几何决定,在最有利的条件下可达到1。这表明,对于具有足够高SNR的系统,LISA有可能探测到波动光学透镜效应。我们的发现表明,在波动光学区域,必须超越通常的透镜描述,即假定放大因子对两种螺旋度模式相同的做法。尽管本研究受到GW190521和AGN形成情景的启发,我们的结果更广泛地适用于围绕被描述为Schwarzschild黑洞的第三天体运行、且周期与引力波观测时间相当的恒星级双星。

英文摘要:

We study lensing of gravitational waves by a black hole in the deep wave optics regime, i.e. when the wavelength is much larger than the black hole Schwarzschild radius. We apply it to triple systems, with a binary of stellar mass objects in the inspiraling phase orbiting around a central massive black hole. We describe the full polarisation structure of the wave and derive predictions for the polarisation modes of the scattered wave measured by the observer. We show that lensing in the wave optics regime is not helicity preserving, as opposed to lensing in the geometric optics regime. The amplitude of the total wave is modulated due to interference between the directly transmitted and lensed components. The relative amplitude of the modulation is fixed by the lensing geometry and can reach unity in the most favourable settings. This indicates that wave optics lensing is potentially detectable by LISA for sufficiently high SNR systems. Our findings show that in the wave optics regime it is necessary to go beyond the usual lensing description where the amplification factor is assumed to be the same for both helicity modes. While motivated by GW190521 and the AGN formation scenario, our results apply more broadly to stellar-mass binaries orbiting a third body described as a Schwarzschild black hole, with a period comparable to the GW observation time.

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