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arXiv 2404.01541astro-ph.GA
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环境对星系动力学结构的影响:从模拟到观测

The effects of environment on galaxies' dynamical structures: From simulations to observations

Yuchen Ding, Ling Zhu, Annalisa Pillepich, Glenn van de Ven, Enrichetta Iodice, Enrico Maria Corsini, Francesca Pinna

AI总结:

本文利用 TNG50 模拟和天炉座星系团观测,研究星系团环境如何通过气体移除和潮汐瓦解影响星系冷盘结构,发现冷盘光度比例和恒星年龄与星系落入时间密切相关,且模拟与观测定量一致。

摘要:

我们利用 TNG50 宇宙学模拟和观测到的天炉座星系团(Fornax cluster)中的星系,研究了星系团环境对星系结构的影响。我们重点关注在 z=0 处恒星质量为 $10^{8-12}M_{\odot}$、且位于总质量 $M_{200c} = 10^{13.4-14.3}M_{\odot}$ 的类天炉座星系团中的星系。我们通过将每个星系分解为一个动力学冷的盘和一个热的非盘成分来刻画其恒星结构,并研究了恒星成分和气体成分的演化。在 TNG50 中,我们发现当星系落入天炉座质量量级的星系团时,冷气体被迅速移除。大约 87% 的星系在落入后 40 亿年时已失去其 80% 的恒星形成气体,剩余气体集中在星系内部区域。对于 66% 的星系,恒星形成气体盘的半径在落入后 40 亿年缩小到其原始大小的一半。其结果是,尽管在中心区域低水平的恒星形成还会额外持续几十亿年,但延展的动力学冷盘中的恒星形成急剧下降。这导致动力学冷盘中的平均恒星年龄与星系的落入时间之间存在紧密的相关性。此外,在控制星系恒星质量的情况下,古老落入者中动力学冷盘的光度比例仅为近期落入者中的约 1/3。这与在天炉座星系团中早型星系中观测到的结果在定量上一致。气体移除阻止了盘的可能增长,且落入越早的星系其气体被移除得越早,因此冷盘比例与落入时间相关。恒星盘在落入后可能被潮汐力显著瓦解,这是一个长期过程,增强了具有不同落入时间的星系团星系之间的差异。

英文摘要:

We studied the effects of cluster environments on galactic structures by using the TNG50 cosmological simulation and observed galaxies in the Fornax cluster. We focused on galaxies with stellar masses of $10^{8-12}M_{\odot}$ at z=0 that reside in Fornax-like clusters with total masses of $M_{200c} = 10^{13.4-14.3}M_{\odot}$. We characterized the stellar structures by decomposing each galaxy into a dynamically cold disk and a hot non-disk component, and studied the evolution of both the stellar and gaseous constituents. In TNG50, we find that the cold gas is quickly removed when a galaxy falls into a Fornax-mass cluster. About 87\% of the galaxies have lost $80\%$ of their star-forming gas at 4 billion years after infall, with the remaining gas concentrating in the inner regions of the galaxy. The radius of the star-forming gaseous disk decreases to half its original size at 4 billion years after infall for 66\% of the galaxies. As a result, star formation in the extended dynamically cold disk sharply decreases, even though a low level of SF persists at the center for a few additional gigayears. This leads to a tight correlation between the average stellar age in the dynamically cold disk and the infall time of galaxies. Furthermore, the luminosity fraction of the dynamically cold disk in ancient infallers is only about 1/3 of that in recent infallers, controlling for galaxy stellar mass. This quantitatively agrees with what is observed in early-type galaxies in the Fornax cluster. Gas removal stops the possible growth of the disk, with gas removed earlier in galaxies that fell in earlier, and hence the cold-disk fraction is correlated with the infall time. The stellar disk can be significantly disrupted by tidal forces after infall, through a long-term process that enhances the difference among cluster galaxies with different infall times.

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