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arXiv 2404.00744astro-ph.COmath.STstat.TH
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贝叶斯比率的分布

The distribution of Bayes' ratio

Luca Amendola, Vrund Patel, Ziad Sakr, Elena Sellentin, Kevin Wolz

AI总结:

针对贝叶斯比率依赖先验、标度主观且无法拒绝模型的缺陷,提出将证据及证据比纳入频率论统计并推导其抽样分布的FB方法,可拒绝拟合差的模型,不依赖极弱先验,给出部分解析解并应用于Ia型超新星数据。

摘要:

贝叶斯证据之比是宇宙学中用于比较不同模型的常用工具。然而该方法存在若干问题:即便在无信息先验的极限情况下,贝叶斯比率仍依赖于先验分布,且用于评估该检验的Jeffrey标度是主观任意的。此外,贝叶斯比率的标准用法常因无法拒绝模型而受到批评。本文中,我们通过将证据及证据比纳入频率论统计范畴并推导其抽样分布,解决了上述缺陷。通过将证据比与其抽样分布进行对比,拟合效果较差的模型如今可被拒绝。我们的方法还在极弱先验的极限下不依赖于先验,从而避免实验者因采用无信息先验而过早否定某个理论,并用拒绝概率阈值替代了主观的Jeffrey标度。我们针对部分简化情形(高斯数据、线性参数以及嵌套模型)给出了解析解,并将该方法应用于宇宙学Ia型超新星数据。我们将此方法命名为FB方法,即频率论-贝叶斯(Frequentist-Bayesian)方法。

英文摘要:

The ratio of Bayesian evidences is a popular tool in cosmology to compare different models. There are however several issues with this method: Bayes' ratio depends on the prior even in the limit of non-informative priors, and Jeffrey's scale, used to assess the test, is arbitrary. Moreover, the standard use of Bayes' ratio is often criticized for being unable to reject models. In this paper, we address these shortcoming by promoting evidences and evidence ratios to frequentist statistics and deriving their sampling distributions. By comparing the evidence ratios to their sampling distributions, poor fitting models can now be rejected. Our method additionally does not depend on the prior in the limit of very weak priors, thereby safeguarding the experimenter against premature rejection of a theory with a uninformative prior, and replaces the arbitrary Jeffrey's scale by probability thresholds for rejection. We provide analytical solutions for some simplified cases (Gaussian data, linear parameters, and nested models), and we apply the method to cosmological supernovae Ia data. We dub our method the FB method, for Frequentist-Bayesian.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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