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arXiv 2403.20179astro-ph.EP
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小行星的自旋取向与相位函数的联合建模

Combined spin orientation and phase function of asteroids

B. Carry, J. Peloton, R. Le Montagner, M. Mahlke, J. Berthier

AI总结:

针对现有相位函数模型无法解释小行星多冲日光度变化的问题,提出sHG1G2模型,引入自旋取向与极向扁率项,应用于ZTF数据,表征了95,593个天体的物理特性,为LSST巡天做好准备。

摘要:

大型巡天项目提供了大量对小天体(SSOs)的非目标观测。鲁宾天文台即将开展的LSST将成为未来十年SSO测光数据的最大来源。由于观测历元不统一,颜色以及由此推断的分类和组成,只能通过求解相位函数(小天体亮度随太阳相位角的变化)来比较各滤光片下获得的绝对星等而计算得出。然而,目前社区使用的模型(HG、HG12*、HG1G2)由于视向角在两次冲日之间的变化,无法重现许多目标的长周期测光数据。我们旨在推导一个通用且简单的相位函数模型,以解释SSOs在多次冲日期间的可变几何形状。我们提出了sHG1G2相位函数模型,在其中引入了一个描述因自旋取向和极向扁率引起的亮度变化的项。我们将这一新模型应用于13,245,908条观测数据,涵盖122,675个SSOs。这些观测数据是在g和r滤光片下用兹威基瞬变设施(Zwicky Transient Facility)获取的。我们检索了这些数据,并在Fink(一个为LSST设计的警报代理系统)中实现了新的sHG1G2模型。sHG1G2模型产生的残差比其他相位函数模型更小,从而更好地描述了小行星的光度。我们确定了95,593个太阳系天体(SSOs)在每个滤光片下的绝对星等H和相位函数系数(G1、G2)、自旋取向(RA_0、DEC_0)以及极向与赤道方向的扁率R,这比当前目录中已表征天体的数量增加了约十倍。将sHG1G2模型应用于FINK代理系统处理ZTF警报数据表明,该模型适用于从多波段和稀疏测光数据(如即将开展的LSST巡天)中提取小行星的物理特性。

英文摘要:

Large surveys provide numerous non-targeted observations of small bodies (SSOs). The upcoming LSST of the Rubin observatory will be the largest source of SSO photometry in the next decade. With non-coordinated epochs of observation, colors, and therefore taxonomy and composition, can only be computed by comparing absolute magnitudes obtained in each filter by solving the phase function (evolution of brightness of the small body against the solar phase angle). Current models in use in the community (HG, HG12* , HG1G2) however fail to reproduce the long-term photometry of many targets due to the change in aspect angle between apparitions. We aim at deriving a generic yet simple phase function model accounting for the variable geometry of the SSOs over multiple apparitions. We propose the sHG1G2 phase function model in which we introduce a term describing the brightness changes due to spin orientation and polar oblateness. We apply this new model to 13,245,908 observations of 122,675 SSOs. These observations were acquired in the g and r filters with the Zwicky Transient Facility. We retrieve them and implement the new sHG1G2 model in Fink, a broker of alerts designed for the LSST. The sHG1G2 model leads to smaller residuals than other phase function models, providing a better description of the photometry of asteroids. We determine the absolute magnitude H and phase function coefficients (G1, G2) in each filter, the spin orientation (RA_0,DEC_0), and the polar-to-equatorial oblateness R for 95,593 Solar System Objects (SSOs), which constitutes about a tenfold increase in the number of characterised objects compared to current census. The application of the sHG1G2 model on ZTF alert data using the FINK broker shows that the model is appropriate to extract physical properties of asteroids from multi-band and sparse photometry, such as the forthcoming LSST survey.

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