内主带X-型小行星的自旋状态——I. Athor与Zita碰撞族的研究
Spin states of X-complex asteroids in the inner main belt -- I. Investigating the Athor and Zita collisional families
AI总结：
本研究通过光变曲线反演分析Athor与Zita碰撞族小行星的自旋状态，验证了两族的演化理论预期，为古老小行星族的存在提供独立确认，约束太阳系演化模型。
摘要：
本研究旨在表征Athor族与Zita族碰撞族成员的自旋状态，并检验这些成员的自旋分布是否与它们各自的母小行星解体形成共同起源的假设一致。我们的方法基于小行星族演化理论，该理论指出，在小行星族V形结构的内侧，逆行旋转的小行星应在统计上占主导，而在外侧则以顺行旋转的小行星为主。\n我们利用观测项目和文献中的测光数据来揭示这些族中小行星的自旋状态。我们结合了密集与稀疏测光数据构建光变曲线，并采用光变曲线反演方法估算了多个族成员的恒星周期、自转轴以及凸形形状。我们获得了Athor族成员的34个新小行星模型，以及Zita族成员的17个新模型。结合文献数据与修正后的模型，Athor族内侧的逆行小行星占比为60%，外侧的顺行小行星占比为76%。我们还发现Zita族内侧的逆行小行星占比为80%，而外侧的顺行与逆行旋转天体数量相当。不过，当我们应用核密度估计（Kernel density estimation）时，也发现外侧顺行小行星存在一个明显的峰值，这与理论预期相符。\n这些小行星的自旋状态验证了两个小行星族的存在，其中Athor族在族内侧的逆行小行星、外侧的顺行小行星特征表现得更为显著。我们的工作为这些非常古老的小行星族提供了独立的确认与表征，它们的存在与特征可为太阳系演化的理论与模型提供约束条件。
英文摘要：
The aim of our study is to characterise the spin states of the members of the Athor and Zita collisional families and test whether these members have a spin distribution consistent with a common origin from the break up of their respective family parent asteroids. Our method is based on the asteroid family evolution, which indicates that there should be a statistical predominance of retrograde-rotating asteroids on the inward side of family's V-shape, and prograde-rotating asteroids on the outward side. We used photometric data from our campaign and the literature in order to reveal the spin states of the asteroids belonging to these families. We combined dense and sparse photometric data in order to construct lightcurves; we performed the lightcurve inversion method to estimate the sidereal period, spin axis and convex shape of several family members. We obtained 34 new asteroid models for Athor family members and 17 for Zita family members. Along with the literature and revised models, the Athor family contains 60% of retrograde asteroids on the inward side and, 76% of prograde asteroids on the outward side. We also found that the Zita family exhibits 80% of retrograde asteroids on the inward side and an equal amount of prograde and retrograde rotators on the outward side. However, when we applied Kernel density estimation, we also found a clear peak for prograde asteroids on the outward side, as expected from the theory. The spin states of these asteroids validate the existence of both families, with the Athor family exhibiting a stronger signature for the presence of retrograde-rotating and prograde-rotating asteroids on the inner and outer side of the family, respectively. Our work provides an independent confirmation and characterisation of these very old families, whose presence and characteristics offer constraints for theories and models of the Solar System's evolution.
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