From extreme strain to bending, the possibilities in the manipulation of freestanding films of oxide perovskites bring a novel landscape to their properties and brings them one step closer to their application. It is therefore of great importance to fully understand the inherent properties of such films, in which dimensionality and surface effects can play a major role in defining the properties of the materials ground state. This paper reports the properties of freestanding (FS) films of the canonical oxide, SrTiO3 (STO) with thicknesses 20, 30, 40 and 80 nm. We show that the relaxed ultrathin STO FS films become polar at temperatures as high as 85 K, in contrast to the quantum paraelectric behavior of bulk. Our findings are based on the softening of the ferroelectric mode towards the ferroelectric transition temperature Tc and its consecutive hardening below Tc with further decreasing temperature, probed with THz time domain spectroscopy in transmission mode. We find almost no thickness dependence in Tc. Moreover, we characterize the antiferrodistortive (AFD) phase transition in STO FS by X-ray diffraction (XRD) probing superlattice reflections characteristic for the rotation of the TiO6 octahedra. Our results point to a higher phase transition temperature in comparison to bulk STO, as well as an unbalanced domain population favoring the rotation axis to be in plane. X-ray linear dichroism results further show a preferential Ti xz/yz orbital occupancy at the surface, but with a complete degeneracy in the t2g states in the inner part of the film indicating that the AFD distortion does not strongly affect the t2g splitting. These findings demonstrate that STO FS films have clearly different properties than bulk.
Octahedral rotation-induced ferroelectricity in cation ordered perovskites
对电场可调的电、磁和轨道(EMO)材料的日益增长的需求重新引起了人们对复杂钙钛矿氧化物中的铁电性及其与EMO性质的耦合的兴趣。实现自发极化的历史设计策略涉及二阶Jahn-Teller(SOJT)活性阳离子的掺入。然而,挑战在于,这种机制仅限于特定的化学物质,并且所产生的极性畸变在很大程度上与EMO特性无关,从而限制了它们作为场可调谐多功能技术材料的用途。在这里,我们报告的晶体化学标准,绕过这些限制,并使新材料的合理设计显示八面体旋转诱导铁电性-一种创新的路线,实现电极化的强度,而不需要SOJT阳离子-从非极性积木。该策略利用了中心八面体旋转模式,其强烈耦合到EMO性质,以及在非极性$AB$ O $_3$钙钛矿中通常观察到的阳离子排序。通过将可切换的电极化的强度与过渡金属氧八面体的连接性结合,可以对材料性质进行电场控制。
Noncentrosymmetric structural transitions in ultrashort ferroelectric AGaO$_{3}$/A'GaO$_{3}$ superlattices
用密度泛函理论研究了八面体倾斜对AGaO $_{3}$ /A 'GaO $_{3}$ [001],[110]和[111]超晶格(A,A' = La,Pr,Nd)偏心结构转变的影响.我们发现位移跃迁是由两种八面体旋转模式驱动的(a $^{-}$ a $^{-}$ c $^{0}$和a $^{0}$ a $^{0}$ c $^{+}$倾斜),振幅取决于A和A'的化学性质和阳离子的排列方向.我们发现[001]和[111]有序超晶格的基态结构是极性的。八面体倾斜模通过混合反常铁电机制的耦合引起了极位移,产生了宏观电极化的强度。
Computational and Experimental Investigation of Chiral and Achiral 2D Organic Lead Bromide Perovskites: Octahedral Distortions and Electronic and Optical Properties
Ferroelectricity in oxyfluoride Aurivillius phase Bi$_2$TiO$_4$F$_2$ from first-principles
利用第一性原理计算,我们限制了m=1的氟氧化物Aurivillius Bi $_2$ TiO 4 F $_2$采用三种有序的关键构型,如四方$I4/mmm$相和正交$Pma2$相,氟阴离子分布在八面体的顶点和赤道两个位置。我们探讨了能量的亚稳相和它们的铁电性的潜力,发现最不利的配置是赤道网站的氟和最有利的是顶端和赤道网站之间的混合物的氟。声子计算中进行的$I4/mmm$与氟在顶端的网站显示出很强的c轴极性不稳定性$Γ_{3}^{-}$,共存的ab-平面极性不稳定性$Γ_{5}^{-}$,通常发现在Aurivillius氧化物相。这两种极性不稳定性导致$Pc$相,其显示面内和面外自发极化分别高达44 $μ$ c/cm $^{2}$和35 $μ$ c/cm $^{2}$,从而在薄膜Aurivillius FeRAM器件中开辟了新的前景设计。
Jahn-Teller stabilization of a "polar" metal oxide surface: Fe3O4(001)
使用从头算热力学,我们编译的Fe_3 O_4(001)的表面作为温度和氧气压力的函数的相图。一个迄今为止被忽视的极性终止与八面体铁和氧形成的波浪状结构沿[110]方向被确定为最低的能量配置在很宽的范围内的氧气气相条件。这种新颖的几何形状在X射线衍射分析中得到证实。Fe 3 O 4(001)表面的稳定化伴随着电子和磁性的显著变化,例如,半金属到金属的过渡。
Pressure-Dependent Phase Transitions in Hybrid Improper Ferroelectric Ruddlesden-Popper Oxides
近年来,由于某些化学成分表现出所谓的混合不适当铁电性,具有钙钛矿双层的Ruddlesden-Popper氧化物中的温度依赖性相变受到越来越多的关注。然而,目前很少了解这些相变的流体静压力的依赖性。本文介绍了高压粉末同步辐射X射线衍射实验和$ab~initio$计算的结果,双层Ruddlesden-Popper相Ca $_{3}$ Mn $_{2}$ O $_{7}$和Ca $_{3}$ Ti $_{2}$ O $_{7}$。在这两种化合物中,我们观察到极性$A2_{1}am$和非极性$Acaa$结构之间的一级相变。有趣的是,我们表明,虽然压力的应用最终有利于非极性相-正如通常观察到的适当的铁电体-区域的响应存在的压力实际上起到增加极性模式振幅。其原因可以通过考虑八面体倾斜和旋转对静水压力的不同响应以及它们与极不稳定性的三线性耦合来解开。
Turning ABO$_3$ antiferroelectrics into ferroelectrics: Design rules for practical rotation-driven ferroelectricity in double perovskites and A$_3$B$_2$O$_7$ Ruddlesden-Popper compounds
Temperature- and Polarization- Dependent Optical Properties of Single Si2Te3 Nanoplates
我们报告了一个单独的碲化硅(Si 2 Te 3)纳米片的光学性质的实验和计算研究相结合。p型半导体Si_2Te_3具有独特的层状晶体结构,具有六方密排的Te亚晶格和占据八面体嵌入位置的Si-Si二聚体。硅二聚体的取向导致独特的光学和电子性质。采用化学气相沉积技术合成了厚度为数百纳米、横向尺寸为数十微米的二维Si 2 Te 3纳米片。在低于150 K的温度下,Si 2 Te 3纳米片表现出直接的能带结构,在7 K下的带隙能量为2.394 eV,估计的自由激子结合能为150 meV。在不同温度下的偏振反射测量显示由于硅二聚体的各向异性取向的吸收系数的各向异性,这与介电函数的理论计算非常一致。在不同温度下对单个Si 2 Te 3纳米片的偏振拉曼光谱测量揭示了不同的振动模式,这与密度泛函微扰理论的计算结果一致。纳米Si_2Te_3独特的结构和光学性质在光电子学和化学传感领域有着巨大的应用潜力。