In recent years, smart city-based development has gained momentum due to its versatile nature in architecture and planning for the systematic habitation of human beings. According to World Health Organization (WHO) report, air pollution causes serious respiratory diseases. Hence, it becomes necessary to real-time monitoring of air quality to minimize effect by taking time-bound decisions by the stakeholders. The air pollution comprises various compositions such as NH3, O3, SO2, NO2, etc., and their concentrations vary from location to location.The research work proposes an integrated framework for monitoring air quality using rule-based Complex Event Processing (CEP) and SPARQL queries. CEP works with the data stream based on predefined rules to detect the complex pattern, which helps in decision support for stakeholders. Initially, the dataset was collected from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of India and this data was then preprocessed and passed through Apache Kafka. Then a knowledge graph developed based on the air quality paradigm. Consequently, convert preprocessed data into Resource Description Framework (RDF) data, and integrate with Knowledge graph which is ingested to CEP engine using Apache Jena for enhancing the decision support . Simultaneously, rules are extracted using a decision tree, and some ground truth parameters of CPCB are added and ingested to the CEP engine to determine the complex patterns. Consequently, the SPARQL query is used on real-time RDF dataset for fetching the condition of air quality as good, poor, severe, hazardous etc based on complex events detection. For validating the proposed approach various chunks of RDF are used for the deployment of events to the CEP engine, and its performance is examined over time while performing simple and complex queries.
In the ten years after the Smart City was put forward, there are still problems like unclear concept, lack of top-down design and information island. With the further development of the Internet, the brain-like architecture of the Internet is becoming clearer and clearer. As a product of combination of city buildings and the Internet, the Smart City will also have a new architecture, and the city brain thus appears. Based on the Internet Brain, this paper describes how to construct the Smart City in the form of brain-like tissue, and how to evaluate the construction level of the Smart City (Ci…
In response to challenges posed by urbanization, David Bollier from the University of Southern California raised a new idea for city planning: a comprehensive network and applications of information technologies. IBM later echoed the idea and initiated its Smart Planet vision in 2008. After that, the smart city concept was quickly adopted by major cities throughout the world, and it has gradually evolved into a strategic choice by ambitious cities. This paper looks into the smart city trend by reviewing how the concept of smart city was proposed and what the essence of a smart city is. More sp…
In this position paper, we explore the adoption of a Smart City with a socio-technical perspective. A Smart city is a transformational technological process leading to profound modifications of existing urban regimes and infrastructure components. In this study, we consider a Smart City as a socio-technical system where the interplay between technologies and users ensures the sustainable development of smart city initiatives that improve the quality of life and solve important socio-economic problems. The adoption of a Smart City required a participative approach where users are involved durin…
These last years with the growing population in the smart city demands an efficient transportation sharing (bike sharing) system for developing the smart city. The Bike sharing as we know is affordable, easily accessible and reliable mode of transportation. But an efficient bike sharing capable of not only sharing bike also provides information regarding the availability of bike per station, route business, time/day-wise bike schedule. The embedded sensors are able to opportunistically communicate through wireless communication with stations when available, providing real-time data about tours…
Internet of Things is a revolutionary domain that has the caliber to impact our lives and bring significant changes to the world. Several IoT applications have been envisioned to facilitate data driven and smart application for the user. Smart City and Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) offer a futuristic vision of smart, secure and safe experience to the end user, and at the same time efficiently manage the sparse resources and optimize the efficiency of city operations. However, outbreaks and pandemics like COVID-19 have revealed limitations of the existing deployments, therefore, archi…
Smartness in smart cities is achieved by sensing phenomena of interest and using them to make smart decisions. Since the decision makers may not own all the necessary sensing infrastructures, crowdsourced sensing, can help collect important information of the city in near real-time. However, involving people brings of the risk of exposing their private information.This chapter explores crowdsensing in smart city applications and its privacy implications.
Smart cities use technology to improve traffic patterns, energy distribution, air quality and more. The elements of a smart city can also increase the convenience for its citizens, by integrating IT technology into many aspects of citizen interaction such as simplifying access to many of the city services. The fields of healthcare, education, culture, and shopping can all be integrated into the core of a smart city to create an infrastructure that allows citizens to live more conveniently. Actual deployment cases exist in U.S., Europe, Singapore, and South Korea. With this environment, we need…
We present an ensemble learning method that predicts large increases in the hours of home care received by citizens. The method is supervised, and uses different ensembles of either linear (logistic regression) or non-linear (random forests) classifiers. Experiments with data available from 2013 to 2017 for every citizen in Copenhagen receiving home care (27,775 citizens) show that prediction can achieve state of the art performance as reported in similar health related domains (AUC=0.715). We further find that competitive results can be obtained by using limited information for training, whic…
In smart cities built on information and communication technology, citizens and various IT systems interoperate in harmony. Cloud computing and Internet-of-Things technologies that have been developed for a long time are making modern cities smarter. Smart cities can have a positive impact on citizens, but they can also make cities dangerous. Today, with the emerging reality of smart cities, this paper looks at both the bright and dark sides and provides a foundation for supporting work-related tasks of IT professionals as well as non-IT experts involved in urban design and development.
Tweaking citizen participation is vital in promoting Smart City services. However, conventional practices deficit sufficient realization of personal traits despite socio-economic promise. The recent trend of IoT-enabled smart-objects/things and personalized services pave the way for context-aware services. Eventually, the aim of this paper is to develop a context-aware model in predicting participation of smart city service. Hence, major requirements are identified for citizen participation, namely (a) unwrapping of contexts, which are relevant, (b) scaling up (over time) of participation. How…
The outbreak of the novel Corona Virus in 2019, named COVID-19, causes the ongoing global pandemic. This pandemic has a devastating socio-economic impact across the globe. On the other hand, due to the pre-pandemic aggressive urbanization with the steep population growth, modern cities also facing substantial challenges. Hence, usage of technology is anticipated to be the precondition for adaptive, resilient, and sustainable development, where, a smart city is defined as the accumulated advanced ideas of information and technology aiming to ensure a decent quality of life for the inhabitants. …
Smart cities solutions are often monolithically implemented, from sensors data handling through to the provided services. The same challenges are regularly faced by different developers, for every new solution in a new city. Expertise and know-how can be re-used and the effort shared. In this article we present the methodologies to minimize the efforts of implementing new smart city solutions and maximizing the sharing of components. The final target is to have a live technical community of smart city application developers. The results of this activity comes from the implementation of 35 city…
Regarding to the smart city infrastructures, there is a demand for big data processing and its further usage. This data can be gained by various means. There are many IoT devices in the city, which can communicate and share the information about the environment which they are situated in. Moreover every personal mobile device can also participate in this process and help to gain data via various applications. Every app provides the useful data, enabling the location and data sharing. This data can be further processed and used for improving the city infrastructure, transport or other services.…
In a world with an ever increasing urbanization, governance is investigating innovative solutions to sustain the society evolution. Internet-of-Things promises huge benefits for cities and the proliferation of smart city deployments demonstrates the common acceptance of IoT as basis for many solutions. The city pilots developments occurred in parallel and with different designs thus creating fragmentation of IoT. The European project SynchroniCity aims to synchronize 8 smart cities to establish a shared environment fostering a self-sustained business growth. In this article we present the coll…
Internet of Things (IoT) technology is a fundamental infrastructure for information transmission and integration in smart city implementations to achieve effective fine-grained city management, efficient operations, and improved life quality of citizens. Smart-city IoT systems usually involve high volume and variety of information circulation. The information lifecycle also involves many parties, stakeholders, and entities such as individuals, businesses, and government agencies with their own objectives which needed to be incentivized properly. As such, recent studies have modeled smart-city …
Converting the city into a "smart" one is the emerging strategy of alleviating the problems generated by the rapid population growth in most urban areas, i.e., urbanisation. However, as the rate in which the different concepts of the smart city architecture are implemented is very high, academic research pertaining these advancements simply can not keep up. To improve the existing knowledge-base regarding the concept of smart cities, this paper reviews the existing definitions, as well as its architectures, based on an in-depth literature review of relevant studies and research fields alike. A…
Our proposed system has seven main contributions, i.e., Smart street lights, Smart home, Bio-metric door and home security system, Intelligent traffic lights management and road security system, Private and smart parking, Intelligent accident management system and Smart information display/ notice board system. Our prototypes / products employ Arduino UNO board, Node MCU, Ultrasonic sensor, Fingerprint module, Servo motors, GSM, GPS, LEDs, Flame Sensor, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi module etc. We are very confident that our proposed systems are efficient, reliable, and cost-effective and can be easily …
The Government through the Ministry of Information and Communication Technology (Kemkominfo) held the 100 Smart Cities Program, an effort to improve the quality of public services. The program produces a Smart City Masterplan to develop regencies and cities. Access to the website of the regencies-cities government that is member of the program is one success indicator of using technology for the community, because the accessing speed (loading time) and responsiveness of the website is a convenience factor in service users. Hence, the importance of viewing and monitoring public service websites…
Environmental concerns have driven an interest in sustainable smart cities, through the monitoring and optimisation of networked infrastructure processes. At the same time, there are concerns about who these interventions and services are for, and who benefits. HCI researchers and designers interested in civic life have started to call for the democratisation of urban space through resistance and political action to challenge state and corporate claims. This paper aims to add to the growing body of critical and civic led smart city literature in HCI by leveraging concepts from the environmenta…
Several challenges are faced by citizens of urban centers while dealing with day-to-day events, and the absence of a centralised reporting mechanism makes event-reporting and redressal a daunting task. With the push on information technology to adapt to the needs of smart-cities and integrate urban civic services, the use of Open311 architecture presents an interesting solution. In this paper, we present a novel approach that uses an existing Open311 ontology to classify and report non-emergency city-events, as well as to guide the citizen to the points of redressal. The use of linked open dat…
Smart cities that make broad use of digital technologies have been touted as possible solutions for the population pressures faced by many cities in developing countries and may help meet the rising demand for services and infrastructure. Nevertheless, the high financial cost involved in infrastructure maintenance, the substantial size of the informal economies, and various governance challenges are curtailing government idealism regarding smart cities. This review examines the state of smart city development in developing countries, which includes understanding the conceptualisations, motivat…
World population growing in conjunction with the preference to live in the cities; make the city management a challenging issue. Traditional Cities with their common features will not be able to handle the human needs. As a result, smart city and its beneficial outcomes will attract a lot of attention recently. In fact, Smart city/community that is the field of collecting and processing data from so many different areas while making proper decisions and feeding to all parts of the system will be the future style of the cities. In other words, smart community is a complex big data problem which…
`Smart cities', urban development projects that design computational systems and sensory technology to monitor activity and regulate energy consumption and resource distribution, are a frontier for the prospective deployment of ICTs for sustainability. Often reduced to technological problems of optimization, these projects have implications far beyond narrow environmental and consumptive frames of sustainability. Studying them requires frameworks that support us in examining technological and environmental sustainability dimensions jointly with social justice perspectives. This paper uses Crit…
Smart Cities, with their problems and challenges, is an emerging smart paradigm. To achieve better quality and usability levels, we need engineering solutions to support smart cities' soft-layer development. Statics, dynamics and generative semantics are involved, but segregating Coordination Protocols from the other semantics could act as a complexity management strategy to tackle the inherent complexity of smart city systems. Here we demonstrate how we could engineer the protocols layer of a smart city by using a Reo-Based solution.
Urban Metaverse: The Smart City in the Industrial Metaverse. Opportunities of the metaverse for real-time, interactive, and inclusive infrastructure applications in urban areas
National Technical University of Athens（雅典国立技术大学）；Harokopio University of Athens（哈罗科皮奥大学）；University of Cantabria（坎塔布里亚大学）
In this paper we present a SOA (Service Oriented Architecture)-based platform, enabling the retrieval and analysis of big datasets stemming from social networking (SN) sites and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, collected by smart city applications and socially-aware data aggregation services. A large set of city applications in the areas of Participating Urbanism, Augmented Reality and Sound-Mapping throughout participating cities is being applied, resulting into produced sets of millions of user-generated events and online SN reports fed into the RADICAL platform. Moreover, we study the appl…
The purpose of the present paper is to show how blockchain and IoT technologies can benefit smart city projects, which tend to spread in the context of the sharing economy. The article also aims to describe the challenges and potentialities of smart city projects. It was found that technology platforms can serve as a strategy to build the basis for product development (goods and services) and technology-based innovation.
Smart cities are an actual trend being pursued by research that, fundamentally, tries to improve city's management on behalf of a better human quality of live. This paper proposes a new autonomic complementary approach for smart cities management. It is argued that smart city management systems with autonomic characteristics will improve and facilitate management functionalities in general. A framework is also presented as use case considering specific application scenarios like smart-health, smart-grid, smart-environment and smart-streets.
With the advent of seamless connection of human, machine, and smart things, there is an emerging trend to leverage the power of crowds (e.g., citizens, mobile devices, and smart things) to monitor what is happening in a city, understand how the city is evolving, and further take actions to enable better quality of life, which is referred to as Crowd-Powered Smart City (CPSC). In this article, we provide a literature review for CPSC and identify future research opportunities. Specifically, we first define the concepts with typical CPSC applications. Then, we present the main characteristics of …
At the turn of the 21st century, urban development has experienced a paradigm shift so that the quest for smarter cities has become a priority agenda, with the direct participation of industry, policymakers, practitioners, and the scientific community alike. The 2008 financial crisis, the exodus from rural areas, and the densification of urban centers coupled with environmental and sustainability concerns have posed enormous challenges to municipalities all over the globe. The United Nations predicts that the world population will reach 9.8 billion by 2050, a growth of 2.1 billion from the 201…
University of Cincinnati（辛辛那提大学）；Central Michigan University（中央密歇根大学）；University of Louisiana at Lafayette（路易斯安那大学拉斐特分校）
Action detection and public traffic safety are crucial aspects of a safe community and a better society. Monitoring traffic flows in a smart city using different surveillance cameras can play a significant role in recognizing accidents and alerting first responders. The utilization of action recognition (AR) in computer vision tasks has contributed towards high-precision applications in video surveillance, medical imaging, and digital signal processing. This paper presents an intensive review focusing on action recognition in accident detection and autonomous transportation systems for a smart…
The recent demographic trends indicate towards a rapidly increasing population growth and a significant portion of this increased population now prefer to live mostly in cities. In connection with this, it has become the responsibility of the government to ensure a quality standard of living in the cities and also make sure that these facilities trickle down to the next generation. A program named Smart City Mission has been started for this purpose. With an extremely diverse population, that is only second to China in the world in terms of size, the Indian government has engaged in serious th…
Cell phone technology generates massive amounts of data. Although this data has been gathered for billing and logging purposes, today it has a much higher value, because its volume makes it very useful for big data analyses. In this project, we analyze the viability of using cell phone records to lower the cost of urban and transportation planning, in particular, to find out how people travel in a specific city (in this case, Buenos Aires, in Argentina). We use anonymized cell phone data to estimate the distribution of the population in the city using different periods of time. We compare thos…
Currently, nearly four billion people live in urban areas. Since this trend is increasing, natural disasters or terrorist attacks in such areas affect an increasing number of people. While information and communication technology is crucial for the operation of urban infrastructures and the well-being of its inhabitants, current technology is quite vulnerable to disruptions of various kinds. In future smart cities, a more resilient urban infrastructure is imperative to handle the increasing number of hazardous situations. We present a novel resilient communication approach based on smart stree…
The "Smart City" (SC) concept revolves around the idea of embodying cutting-edge ICT solutions in the very fabric of future cities, in order to offer new and better services to citizens while lowering the city management costs, both in monetary, social, and environmental terms. In this framework, communication technologies are perceived as subservient to the SC services, providing the means to collect and process the data needed to make the services function. In this paper, we propose a new vision in which technology and SC services are designed to take advantage of each other in a symbiotic m…
We present SaSTL -- a novel Spatial Aggregation Signal Temporal Logic -- for the efficient runtime monitoring of safety and performance requirements in smart cities. We first describe a study of over 1,000 smart city requirements, some of which can not be specified using existing logic such as Signal Temporal Logic (STL) and its variants. To tackle this limitation, we develop two new logical operators in SaSTL to augment STL for expressing spatial aggregation and spatial counting characteristics that are commonly found in real city requirements. We also develop efficient monitoring algorithms …
Instituto Universitario de Matemática Pura y Aplicada, Universitat Politécnica de Valencia（瓦伦西亚理工大学纯数学与应用数学大学研究所）；FLOW, Engineering Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology（瑞典皇家理工学院工程力学系FLOW实验室）
The sustainability of urban environments is an increasingly relevant problem. Air pollution plays a key role in the degradation of the environment as well as the health of the citizens exposed to it. In this chapter we provide a review of the methods available to model air pollution, focusing on the application of machine-learning methods. In fact, machine-learning methods have proved to importantly increase the accuracy of traditional air-pollution approaches while limiting the development cost of the models. Machine-learning tools have opened new approaches to study air pollution, such as fl…
The link between transport related emissions and human health is a major issue for city municipalities worldwide. PM emissions from exhaust and non-exhaust sources are one of the main worrying contributors to air-pollution. In this paper, we challenge the notion that a ban on internal combustion engine vehicles will result in clean and safe air in our cities, since emissions from tyres and other non-exhaust sources are expected to increase in the near future. To this end, we present data from the city of Dublin that document that the current amount of tyre-related PM emissions in the city migh…
Smart cities are being planned for several advanced applications and services for the inhabitants. Smart cities initiative promise many new services which are not possible in the traditional city frameworks. In the smart city framework, the basic aim is to provide all the essential services through sensor based systems which does not need much human intervention. This system is designed to operate on its own in a self-organizing manner. Therefore, the hopes are really big from the smart cities to enhance the quality of lives and the economy. However, some of the promises in the smart cities ar…
