Modeling JWST MIRI-MRS Observations of T Cha: Mid-IR Noble Gas Emission Tracing a Dense Disk Wind
Andrew D. Sellek, Naman S. Bajaj, Ilaria Pascucci, Cathie J. Clarke, Richard Alexander, Chengyan Xie, Giulia Ballabio, Dingshan Deng, Uma Gorti, Andras Gaspar, Jane Morrison
备注：
32 pages, 16 figures, Accepted 14/03/24 to the Astronomical Journal. Complementary modeling to Bajaj et al. 2024 (arXiv:2403.01060)
本文通过 JWST MIRI-MRS 对 T Cha 的中红外惰性气体发射进行光致电离辐射转移建模，揭示其谱线特征要求一个致密且延展的盘风，并据此区分光致蒸发与磁驱动风的贡献。
摘要：
[Ne II] 12.81 μm 发射因其蓝移谱线轮廓而成为原行星盘风的常用示踪剂。MIRI-MRS 最近观测了 T Cha，探测到这条谱线以及 [Ne III]、[Ar II] 和 [Ar III] 谱线，发现 [Ne II] 和 [Ne III] 谱线具有空间延展性，而 [Ar II] 则没有。在这项补充工作中，我们利用这些谱线来解决关于原行星盘风长期争论的问题，涉及它们的质量损失率、电离起源，以及磁驱动风相对于光致蒸发的作用。为此，我们对简单的流体动力学风模型进行光致电离辐射转移，以绘制谱线发射图。我们将模型积分光度与 MIRI-MRS 观测到的光度进行比较，以确定哪些模型最接近地再现数据，并从这些模型生成合成图像，以理解谱线延展度测量所捕获的信息。除了谱线比所暗示的低电离度之外，[Ar II] 相对于 [Ne II] 的相对致密性尤其具有约束力。这要求在一个延展的（≳10 au）风中，硬 X 射线产生 Ne II，软 X 射线（和/或 EUV）产生 Ar II，且该风被屏蔽于软 X 射线之外——这需要一个致密的风，其物质发射尺度小至约 1 au。这样的条件可以由光致蒸发产生，而一个产生同等屏蔽效果的延展 MHD 风则可能低估谱线通量。然而，一个稀薄的内部 MHD 风可能仍然有助于屏蔽延展风。这一图景与光谱分辨谱线轮廓的约束条件一致。
英文摘要：
[Ne II] 12.81 $μ\mathrm{m}$ emission is a well-used tracer of protoplanetary disk winds due to its blueshifted line profile. MIRI-MRS recently observed T Cha, detecting this line along with lines of [Ne III], [Ar II] and [Ar III], with the [Ne II] and [Ne III] lines found to be extended while the [Ar II] was not. In this complementary work, we use these lines to address long-debated questions about protoplanetary disk winds regarding their mass-loss rate, the origin of their ionization, and the role of magnetically-driven winds as opposed to photoevaporation. To this end, we perform photoionization radiative transfer on simple hydrodynamic wind models to map the line emission. We compare the integrated model luminosities to those observed with MIRI-MRS to identify which models most closely reproduce the data and produce synthetic images from these to understand what information is captured by measurements of the line extents. Along with the low degree of ionization implied by the line ratios, the relative compactness of [Ar II] compared to [Ne II] is particularly constraining. This requires Ne II production by hard X-rays and Ar II production by soft X-rays (and/or EUV) in an extended ($\gtrsim 10$ au) wind that is shielded from soft X-rays - necessitating a dense wind with material launched on scales down to ~1 au. Such conditions could be produced by photoevaporation, whereas an extended MHD wind producing equal shielding would likely underpredict the line fluxes. However, a tenuous inner MHD wind may still contribute to shielding the extended wind. This picture is consistent with constraints from spectrally-resolved line profiles.
Oxygen and nitrogen isotopologues on cold COCONUTS-2b observed with MIRI/MRS
ETH Zürich（苏黎世联邦理工学院）；Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；University of Rochester（罗切斯特大学）；Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin（都柏林三一学院）；KU Leuven（荷语鲁汶大学）；American Museum of Natural History（美国自然历史博物馆）；University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根大学）；Université Côte d’Azur（蔚蓝海岸大学）；Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG)（格勒诺布尔行星与天体物理学研究所）
Young giant planets are the best targets for characterization with direct imaging. The Medium Resolution Spectrometer (MRS) of the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) of the recently launched James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will give access to the first spectroscopic data for direct imaging above 5 $μ$m with unprecedented sensitivity at a spectral resolution up to 3700. This will provide a valuable complement to near-infrared data from ground-based instruments for characterizing these objects. We aim to evaluate the performance of MIRI/MRS to detect molecules in the atmosphere of exoplanets and t…
The Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) on-board JWST will provide imaging, coronagraphy, low-resolution spectroscopy and medium-resolution spectroscopy at unprecedented sensitivity levels in the mid-infrared wavelength range. The Medium-Resolution Spectrometer (MRS) of MIRI is an integral field spectrograph that provides diffraction-limited spectroscopy between 4.9 and 28.3 um, within a FOV varying from 13 to 56" square. From ground testing, we calculate the physical parameters essential to general observers and calibrating the wavelength solution and resolving power of the MRS is critical for max…
The Medium Resolution Spectrometer on board JWST/MIRI will give access to mid-IR spectra while retaining spatial information. With the unparalleled sensitivity of JWST and the MIRI detectors, the MRS has the potential to revolutionise our understanding of giant exoplanet atmospheres. Molecular mapping is a promising detection and characterisation technique used to study the spectra of directly imaged exoplanets. We aim to examine the feasibility and application of this technique to MRS observations. We used the instrument simulator MIRISIM to create mock observations of resolved star and exopl…
The JWST Early Release Science Program for Direct Observations of Exoplanetary Systems. VII. Molecular Mapping Performance with JWST/MIRI MRS: VHS 1256 b as a case study
Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；Observatoire de Paris（巴黎天文台）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；Sorbonne Université（索邦大学）；Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Bordeaux（波尔多天体物理学实验室）
Coordinated Space and Ground-Based Monitoring of Accretion Bursts in a Protoplanetary Disk: Establishing Mid-Infrared Hydrogen Lines as Accretion Diagnostics for JWST-MIRI
本文利用 JWST-MIRI 对 DQ Tau 双星系统三个轨道周期的协调监测，首次确立并校准了中红外氢复合线作为原行星盘吸积光度诊断指标，并据此为 38 个已发表的原行星盘 MRS 光谱档案样本提供了吸积光度。
The origin of complex organic molecules (COMs) in young Class 0 protostars has been one of the major questions in astrochemistry and star formation. While COMs are thought to form on icy dust grains via gas-grain chemistry, observational constraints on their formation pathways have been limited to gas-phase detection. Sensitive mid-infrared spectroscopy with JWST enables unprecedented investigation of COM formation by measuring their ice absorption features. We present an overview of JWST/MIRI MRS spectroscopy and imaging of a young Class 0 protostar, IRAS 15398-3359, and identify several majo…
MINDS. Young binary systems with JWST/MIRI: Variable water-rich primaries and extended emission
Carnegie Institution for Science（卡内基科学机构）；Leiden University（莱顿大学）；Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA)（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；Rijksuniversiteit Groningen（格罗宁根大学）；KU Leuven（荷语鲁汶大学）；Université de Liège（列日大学）；Texas State University（德克萨斯州立大学）；University of Exeter（埃克塞特大学）
Chemical Divergence and Water Depletion: Gas Properties of Evolved Upper Scorpius Disks Revealed by JWST/MIRI
University of Wisconsin–Madison（威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校）；The University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学）；Texas State University（德克萨斯州立大学）；Vassar College（瓦萨学院）；California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）
JWST-MIRI's multi-dimensional view of mass loss in the irradiated disks of NGC 1977
Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian（哈佛-史密森天体物理中心）；Steward Observatory, University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学斯图尔德天文台）；Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院喷气推进实验室）；Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院地质与行星科学系）；Astronomy Unit, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London（伦敦玛丽女王大学物理与天文学系天文学组）；Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学月球与行星实验室）；National Radio Astronomy Observatory（国家射电天文台）
The Mid-Infrared instrument (MIRI) on board the James Webb Space Telescope will perform the first ever characterization of young giant exoplanets observed by direct imaging in the 5-28 microns spectral range. This wavelength range is key for both determining the bolometric luminosity of the cool known exoplanets and for accessing the strongest ammonia bands. In conjunction with shorter wavelength observations, MIRI will enable a more accurate characterization of the exoplanetary atmospheric properties. Here we consider a subsample of the currently known exoplanets detected by direct imaging an…
NIRCam yells at cloud: JWST MIRI imaging can directly detect exoplanets of the same temperature, mass, age, and orbital separation as Saturn and Jupiter
JOYS: Launch and destruction of dust in protostellar jets. The case of BHR71-IRS1 with JWST MIRI
Leiden University（莱顿大学）；INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma（罗马天文台国家天体物理研究所）；University of Helsinki（赫尔辛基大学）；Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik（马克斯·普朗克地外物理学研究所）；INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte（卡波迪蒙特天文台国家天体物理研究所）；University of Virginia（弗吉尼亚大学）；Virginia Institute of Theoretical Astronomy（弗吉尼亚理论天文研究所）；Institut de Cienciès de l’Espai (ICE-CSIC)（空间科学研究所（西班牙高等科学研究委员会））；Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)（加泰罗尼亚空间研究所）；Université Paris-Saclay（巴黎萨克雷大学）
JWST/MIRI Hydrocarbon and Water Absorption in the Wind of a Young Disk: Signatures of Pebble Drift and Carbon Grain Sublimation
University of Michigan（密歇根大学）；University of Wisconsin-Madison（威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校）；California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院）；Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院喷气推进实验室）；University of Hawai`i at Mānoa（夏威夷大学马诺阿分校）；University of Maryland, College Park（马里兰大学帕克分校）；NSFs NOIRLab（美国国家科学基金会NOIR天文台实验室）；Vassar College（瓦萨学院）；University of Exeter（埃克塞特大学）；University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale（空间天体物理研究所）；University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根大学）；Peking University（北京大学）；University College London（伦敦大学学院）
JWST/MIRI Detection of Molecular H$_2$ Winds from an Edge-on Class II Source HV Tau C
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research（塔塔基础研究所）；Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA)（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen（格罗宁根大学卡佩因天文研究所）；INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte（意大利国家天体物理研究所卡波迪蒙特天文台）；Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院喷气推进实验室）
研究利用JWST/MIRI-MRS数据分析近边缘取向的II类盘HV Tau C分子氢发射特性，探测到广角双锥分子风，估计其质量损失率等，发现分子H₂风对盘演化等仍重要，吸积率或因边缘取向被低估。
JOYS$+$: A JWST/MIRI survey of the evolution of H$_2$ winds and jets from low-mass protostars
Leiden University（莱顿大学）；Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik（马克斯·普朗克地外物理学研究所）；INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte（意大利国家天体物理研究所卡波迪蒙特天文台）；Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE-CSIC)（空间科学研究所（加泰罗尼亚高等研究委员会））；Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)（加泰罗尼亚空间研究所）；Max Planck Institute for Astronomy（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；University of Helsinki（赫尔辛基大学）；Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院喷气推进实验室）；European Southern Observatory（欧洲南方天文台）
A Characterization of JWST MIRI Detector Persistence and Implications for High-Contrast Imaging
University of Michigan（密歇根大学）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；Eureka Scientific Inc.（尤里卡科学公司）；JHU Applied Physics Laboratory（约翰霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室）
