JWST-MIRI Spectroscopy of Warm Molecular Emission and Variability in the AS 209 Disk
Carlos E. Romero-Mirza, Karin I. Öberg, Andrea Banzatti, Klaus M. Pontoppidan, Sean M. Andrews, David J. Wilner, Edwin A. Bergin, Ian Czekala, Charles J. Law, C… 展开作者
Carlos E. Romero-Mirza, Karin I. Öberg, Andrea Banzatti, Klaus M. Pontoppidan, Sean M. Andrews, David J. Wilner, Edwin A. Bergin, Ian Czekala, Charles J. Law, Colette Salyk, Richard Teague, Chunhua Qi, Jennifer B. Bergner, Jane Huang, Catherine Walsh, Viviana V. Guzmán, L. Ilsedore Cleeves, Yuri Aikawa, Jaehan Bae, Alice S. Booth, Gianni Cataldi, John D. Ilee, Romane Le Gal, Feng Long, Ryan A. Loomis, François Menard, Yao Liu
We present MIRI MRS observations of the large, multi-gapped protoplanetary disk around the T-Tauri star AS 209. The observations reveal hundreds of water vapor lines from 4.9 to 25.5 $μ$m towards the inner $\sim1$ au in the disk, including the first detection of ro-vibrational water emission in this disk. The spectrum is dominated by hot ($\sim800$ K) water vapor and OH gas, with only marginal detections of CO$_2$, HCN, and a possible colder water vapor component. Using slab models with a detailed treatment of opacities and line overlap, we retrieve the column density, emitting area, and excitation temperature of water vapor and OH, and provide upper limits for the observable mass of other molecules. Compared to MIRI spectra of other T-Tauri disks, the inner disk of AS 209 does not appear to be atypically depleted in CO$_2$ nor HCN. Based on \textit{Spitzer IRS} observations, we further find evidence for molecular emission variability over a 10-year baseline. Water, OH, and CO$_2$ line luminosities have decreased by factors 2-4 in the new MIRI epoch, yet there are minimal continuum emission variations. The origin of this variability is yet to be understood.
Inspecting Cloudy Substellar Atmospheres with JWST MIRI Synthetic Magnitudes from Spitzer Mid-infrared Spectra
Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York（纽约市立大学研究生中心物理系）；Department of Astronomy, Columbia University（哥伦比亚大学天文学系）；Department of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History（美国自然历史博物馆天体物理学系）；School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin（都柏林三一学院物理学院，都柏林大学）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western University（韦仕敦大学物理与天文系）；Institute for Earth and Space Exploration, Western University（韦仕敦大学地球与太空探索研究所）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College, City University of New York（纽约市立大学亨特学院物理与天文系）
A Binary Flux Calibrator Reveals the Scientific Potential of Short-integration JWST MIRI Imaging to Directly Detect sub-Jupiter Exoplanets
Eureka Scientific Inc.（Eureka科学公司）；University of Michigan（密歇根大学）；Max Planck Institute for Astronomy（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；University of California Santa Cruz（加州大学圣克鲁兹分校）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；Johns Hopkins APL（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室）
The upcoming launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will dramatically increase our understanding of exoplanets, particularly through direct imaging. Microlensing and radial velocity surveys indicate that some M-dwarfs host long period giant planets. Some of these planets will likely be just a few parsecs away and a few AU from their host stars, a parameter space that cannot be probed by existing high-contrast imagers. We studied whether the coronagraphs on the Mid-Infrared Instrument on JWST can detect Jovian-type planets around nearby M-dwarfs. For a sample of 27 very nearby M-dwarfs…
The origin of complex organic molecules (COMs) in young Class 0 protostars has been one of the major questions in astrochemistry and star formation. While COMs are thought to form on icy dust grains via gas-grain chemistry, observational constraints on their formation pathways have been limited to gas-phase detection. Sensitive mid-infrared spectroscopy with JWST enables unprecedented investigation of COM formation by measuring their ice absorption features. We present an overview of JWST/MIRI MRS spectroscopy and imaging of a young Class 0 protostar, IRAS 15398-3359, and identify several majo…
EX Lup is a low-mass pre-main sequence star that occasionally shows accretion-related outbursts. Here, we present JWST/MIRI medium resolution spectroscopy obtained for EX Lup fourteen years after its powerful outburst. EX Lup is now in quiescence and displays a Class II spectrum. We detect a forest of emission lines from molecules previously identified in infrared spectra of classical T Tauri disks: H2O, OH, H2, HCN, C2H2, and CO2. The detection of organic molecules demonstrates that they are back after disappearing during the large outburst. Spectral lines from water and OH are for the first …
Coordinated Space and Ground-Based Monitoring of Accretion Bursts in a Protoplanetary Disk: Establishing Mid-Infrared Hydrogen Lines as Accretion Diagnostics for JWST-MIRI
本文利用 JWST-MIRI 对 DQ Tau 双星系统三个轨道周期的协调监测，首次确立并校准了中红外氢复合线作为原行星盘吸积光度诊断指标，并据此为 38 个已发表的原行星盘 MRS 光谱档案样本提供了吸积光度。
Silicate Clouds, SiO, and Molecular Trends across the L-T Sequence: A JWST/MIRI LRS Spectral Library of Brown Dwarfs
The University of Western Ontario（韦仕敦大学）；American Museum of Natural History（美国自然历史博物馆）；Centro de Astrobiología, CSIC-INTA（天体生物学中心，CSIC-INTA）；Université de Montréal（蒙特利尔大学）
NIRCam yells at cloud: JWST MIRI imaging can directly detect exoplanets of the same temperature, mass, age, and orbital separation as Saturn and Jupiter
A Characterization of JWST MIRI Detector Persistence and Implications for High-Contrast Imaging
University of Michigan（密歇根大学）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；Eureka Scientific Inc.（尤里卡科学公司）；JHU Applied Physics Laboratory（约翰霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室）
JWST-MIRI's multi-dimensional view of mass loss in the irradiated disks of NGC 1977
Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian（哈佛-史密森天体物理中心）；Steward Observatory, University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学斯图尔德天文台）；Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院喷气推进实验室）；Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院地质与行星科学系）；Astronomy Unit, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London（伦敦玛丽女王大学物理与天文学系天文学组）；Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学月球与行星实验室）；National Radio Astronomy Observatory（国家射电天文台）
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will measure exoplanet transmission and eclipse spectroscopy at un-precedented precisions to better understand planet structure, dynamics, chemistry and formation. These are essential tools on the march towards biosignature searches on potentially habitable planets. We explore a range of exoplanet atmospheric conditions and forecast the expected results with JWST. We take realistic CHIMERA models that match existing Spitzer and HST results and simulate the spectra achievable with the JWST MIRI + NIRCam Guaranteed Time Observations (GTO) survey. We then ret…
The Mid-Infrared instrument (MIRI) on board the James Webb Space Telescope will perform the first ever characterization of young giant exoplanets observed by direct imaging in the 5-28 microns spectral range. This wavelength range is key for both determining the bolometric luminosity of the cool known exoplanets and for accessing the strongest ammonia bands. In conjunction with shorter wavelength observations, MIRI will enable a more accurate characterization of the exoplanetary atmospheric properties. Here we consider a subsample of the currently known exoplanets detected by direct imaging an…
First Demonstration of Kernel Phase Interferometry on JWST/MIRI: Prospects for Future Planet Searches Around Post Main Sequence Stars
University of California, Irvine（加州大学尔湾分校）；University of California, Santa Cruz（加州大学圣克鲁兹分校）；University of Texas at Austin（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校）；University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学）
To understand the potential for observing forming planets and their circumplanetary disks (CPDs) with JWST and ELT, we created mock observations from 3D radiative hydrodynamic simulations and radiative transfer post-processing for planets with 10, 5, 1 Jupiter and 1 Saturn masses with orbital separation of 50 and 30 AU in 0$^{\circ}$, 30$^{\circ}$ and 60$^{\circ}$ inclinations. Instrumental effects were then simulated with Mirage for JWST/NIRCam and NIRISS, MIRISim for JWST/MIRI and SimCADO & SimMETIS for ELT/MICADO and METIS. We found that the longer wavelengths (mid-IR and beyond) are the be…
A Homogeneous Survey of JWST MIRI Transmission Spectra of 10 Exoplanets
Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge（剑桥大学天文学研究所）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University（卡迪夫大学物理与天文学院）
The Medium Resolution Spectrometer on board JWST/MIRI will give access to mid-IR spectra while retaining spatial information. With the unparalleled sensitivity of JWST and the MIRI detectors, the MRS has the potential to revolutionise our understanding of giant exoplanet atmospheres. Molecular mapping is a promising detection and characterisation technique used to study the spectra of directly imaged exoplanets. We aim to examine the feasibility and application of this technique to MRS observations. We used the instrument simulator MIRISIM to create mock observations of resolved star and exopl…
JWST/MIRI coronagraphic search for planets in systems with gapped exoKuiper belts and proper motion anomalies
University of Exeter（埃克塞特大学）；Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI)（太空望远镜科学研究所）；University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学）；University of Warwick（华威大学）；Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena（耶拿弗里德里希·席勒大学）；University of Birmingham（伯明翰大学）；University of Queensland（昆士兰大学）；University of Cambridge（剑桥大学）
Young giant planets are the best targets for characterization with direct imaging. The Medium Resolution Spectrometer (MRS) of the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) of the recently launched James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will give access to the first spectroscopic data for direct imaging above 5 $μ$m with unprecedented sensitivity at a spectral resolution up to 3700. This will provide a valuable complement to near-infrared data from ground-based instruments for characterizing these objects. We aim to evaluate the performance of MIRI/MRS to detect molecules in the atmosphere of exoplanets and t…
Infrared measurements of asteroids are crucial for the determination of physical and thermal properties of individual objects, and for the understanding of the small-body populations in the solar system as a whole. But standard radiometric methods can only be applied if the orbit of an object is known, hence its position at the time of the observation. We present MIRI observations of the outer-belt asteroid 10920 and an unknown object, detected in all 9 MIRI bands in close proximity to 10920. We developed a new method "STM-ORBIT" to interpret the multi-band measurements without knowing the obj…
MINDS. Young binary systems with JWST/MIRI: Variable water-rich primaries and extended emission
Carnegie Institution for Science（卡内基科学机构）；Leiden University（莱顿大学）；Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA)（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；Rijksuniversiteit Groningen（格罗宁根大学）；KU Leuven（荷语鲁汶大学）；Université de Liège（列日大学）；Texas State University（德克萨斯州立大学）；University of Exeter（埃克塞特大学）
Hot Rocks Survey V: Secondary Eclipse Photometry of GJ 3473 b with JWST/MIRI
Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；Technical University of Denmark（丹麦技术大学）；University of Southampton（南安普顿大学）；University of Bern（伯尔尼大学）；Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）；Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin（都柏林三一学院，都柏林大学）
The Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) on-board JWST will provide imaging, coronagraphy, low-resolution spectroscopy and medium-resolution spectroscopy at unprecedented sensitivity levels in the mid-infrared wavelength range. The Medium-Resolution Spectrometer (MRS) of MIRI is an integral field spectrograph that provides diffraction-limited spectroscopy between 4.9 and 28.3 um, within a FOV varying from 13 to 56" square. From ground testing, we calculate the physical parameters essential to general observers and calibrating the wavelength solution and resolving power of the MRS is critical for max…
We observed a full-orbit phase curve of the hot Jupiter WASP-43b with MIRI/LRS as part of the Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science Program. Here we report preliminary findings for the instrument performance from the team's MIRI Working Group. Overall we find that MIRI's performance for phase curve observations is excellent, with a few minor caveats. The key takeaways for Cycle 2 planning with MIRI/LRS are: (1) long-duration observations (> 24 hours) have now been successfully executed; (2) for phase curves, we recommend including a one-hour burn-in period prior to taking scienc…
Simultaneous retrieval of orbital phase resolved JWST/MIRI emission spectra of the hot Jupiter WASP-43b: evidence of water, ammonia and carbon monoxide
Improving Accretion Diagnostics for Young Stellar Objects with Mid-infrared Hydrogen lines from JWST/MIRI
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research（塔塔基础研究所）；INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte（意大利国家天体物理研究所卡波迪蒙特天文台）；Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA)（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen（格罗宁根大学开普敦天文研究所）；Leiden Observatory, Universiteit Leiden（莱顿大学莱顿天文台）；Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik（马克斯·普朗克地外物理学研究所）；Indian Institute of Astrophysics（印度天体物理研究所）
Characterization of directly imaged exoplanets is one of the most eagerly anticipated science functions of the James Webb Space Telescope. MIRI, the mid-IR instrument has the capability to provide unique spatially resolved photometric data points in a spectral range never achieved so far for such objects. We aim to present the very first on-sky contrast measurements of the MIRI's coronagraphs. In addition to a classical Lyot coronagraph at the longest wavelength, this observing mode implements the concept of the four quadrant phase mask for the very first time in a space telescope. We observed…
