arXiv 2403.035982024-03-06nucl-thhep-exhep-phnucl-ex

核碰撞中临界现象研究的体积涨落控制

Controlling volume fluctuations for studies of critical phenomena in nuclear collisions

Romain Holzmann, Volker Koch, Anar Rustamov, Joachim Stroth

AI总结：

本研究推广了核碰撞中体积涨落修正方法，分析了不同能区下偏差的抑制条件，明确了混合事件的适用场景，给出了任意阶多重数累积量的修正公式及对应偏差。

摘要：

我们对新近提出的方法进行了推广与拓展，用以解释系统尺寸（或体积/参与粒子）涨落对实验测量的粒子多重数分布矩的贡献。我们发现，在一般情况下存在额外的偏差，这些偏差无法通过实验直接获取。不过，当所关注粒子的多重数远小于总带电粒子多重数时——例如在RHIC和LHC最高能量下的质子数涨落情况中——这些偏差会在参数上受到抑制。当每个受伤核子的带电粒子多重数分布接近泊松极限时，偏差同样很小，低能核碰撞（如GSI/SIS18能区的碰撞）就属于这种情况。我们进一步发现，提取体积涨落修正并不一定需要混合事件，不过在事件统计量不足时混合事件会有所帮助，这在重构高阶累积量时通常会遇到。我们提供了用于修正粒子多重数分布的纯累积量和混合累积量的公式，可适用于任意阶数，并给出了相应的偏差。

英文摘要：

We generalize and extend the recently proposed method to account for contributions of system size (or volume/participant) fluctuations to the experimentally measured moments of particle multiplicity distributions. We find that in the general case there are additional biases which are not directly accessible to experiment. These biases are, however, parametrically suppressed if the multiplicity of the particles of interest is small compared to the total charged-particle multiplicity, e.g., in the case of proton number fluctuations at top RHIC and LHC energies. They are also small if the multiplicity distribution of charged particles per wounded nucleon is close to the Poissonian limit, which is the case at low energy nuclear collisions, e.g., at GSI/SIS18. We further find that mixed events are not necessarily needed to extract the correction for volume fluctuations, albeit it can help if event statistics is small, which is typically the case for reconstructing the higher-order cumulants. We provide the formulas to correct pure and mixed cumulants of particle multiplicity distributions up to any order together with their associated biases.

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